PaulMacCready_谈自然与人【中英文对照】

1.This is the era of environment, or biology, or information technology — well, it’s the era of a lot of different things that we’re in right now. But one thing for sure:
这是一个以环境，生态，或者信息技术为主导的时代– 呃，一个关于很多不同事物的年代 但有一件事情是肯定的：
2.it’s the era of change. There’s more change going on than ever has occurred in the history of human life on earth.
这是一个变化的时代。现在正在发生的改变比 地球人类生活历史上发生过的都要多。
3.And you all sort of know it, but it’s hard to get it so that you really understand it.
大家都好像知道，但要表达出来 让人真正理解却又很难。
4.And I’ve tried to put together something that’s a good start for this.
我一直试着整理出一些东西来开个好头。
5.I’ve tried to show in this,  though the color doesn’t come out.
我试着用这个来表现，虽然这里看不出颜色。
6.And what I’m concerned with is the little 50-year time bubble that you are in. You tend to be interested in a generation past, a generation future; your parents, your kids, things you can change
我关注的是一个人所处的一个50年长的时间小泡沫。 人一般感兴趣的是过去的一代， 未来的一代；你的父母，你的孩子，在接下来
7.over the next few decades, and this 50-year time bubble you kind of move along in. And in that 50 years, if you look at the population curve, you find the population of humans
几十年里你可以改变的东西，这就是你所经历的一个 50年时间泡沫。在那50年里， 如果你看一下这条人口曲线，你可以发现地球的人口数
8.on the earth more than doubles and we’re up three-and-a-half times since I was born. And when you have a new baby, by the time that kid gets out of high school
已经增加了不止一倍，自从我出生以来，我们已经是 原来的3.5倍了。当你有一个初生儿， 到孩子高中毕业的时候
9.more people will be added than existed on earth when I was born — this is unprecedented and it’s big.
增加的人口数要比我出生时的总人口还要多– 这是前所未有的，这是巨大的数量。
10.Where it goes in the future is questioned. So that’s the human part.
我们要问的是它将何去何从。这是关于人类的部分。
11.Now human related to animals: look at the left side of that.
现在来看看人类和动物们的关系：请看图的左边。
12.What I call the human portion — humans and their livestock and pets — versus the natural portion — all the other wild animals and just —
我称之为人类部分–人类和他们的牲畜和宠物– 相对于自然部分–所有其他的野生动物而且只有–
13.these are vertebrates and all the birds, etc.
这些是脊椎动物和所有的鸟类，等等。
14.in the land and air, not in the water. How does it balance?
陆上的和空中的，不包括水生的。它是如何平衡的呢？
15.Well, certainly 10,000 years ago, the civilization’s beginning, the human portion was less than one tenth of one percent. Let’s look at it now.
呃，当然一万年前，文明之初， 人类部分不足千分之一。让我们看看现在。
16.You follow this curve and you see whiter spot in the middle — that’s your 50-year time bubble. Humans, livestock and pets are now 97 percent of that integrated total mass on earth
你沿着这条曲线可以看到中间的白点– 这是你的50年时间泡沫。人，牲畜和宠物 现在是整个地球群体的百分之九十七
17.and all wild nature is three percent. We have won. The next generation doesn’t even have to worry about this game — it is over.
而整个野生自然是百分之三。我们赢了。我们的下一代 根本不要去担心这场比赛–它已经结束了。
18.And the biggest problem came the last 25 years: it went from 25 percent up to that 97 percent.
而过去25年里最大的问题来了： 我们从百分之二十五上升到了百分之九十七。
19.And this really is a sobering picture in realizing we, humans, are in charge of life on earth, we’re like the capricious Gods of old Greek myths, kind of playing with life,
这张图让我们清醒地认识到我们，人类， 要对地球的生命负责，我们像希腊神话中反复无常的众神 有点像在拿地球的生命开玩笑，
20.and not a great deal of wisdom injected into it.
而没有倾注过多的智慧。
21.Now, the third curve is information technology.
现在，这第三条曲线是信息技术。
22.This is Moore’s Law plotted here, which relates to density of information, but it has been pretty good for showing a lot of other things about information technology:
这里标绘了摩尔定律，它和信息的密度有关 它也很好地展示了 关于信息技术的其他事物：
23.computers, their use, Internet, etc. And what’s important is it just goes straight up through the top of the curve and has no real limits to it. Now try and contrast these.
计算机，计算机应用，互联网，等。重要的是 曲线在上端笔直上升 它没有真正的界限。而把这些对照过来
24.This is the size of the earth going through that same — (Laughter) — frame. And to make it really clear, I’ve put all four on one graph —
地球的尺寸标线也是一样的走向 （笑声） 为了让它很明白，我把四张图放在一张里–
25.there’s no need to see the little detailed words on it.
不用去看里面具体的小字
26.That first one is humans versus nature.
第一张是人类和自然的比较。
27.We’ve won, there’s no more gain. Human population.
我们已经赢了，没有更多可以索取。人类人口。
28.And so if you’re looking for growth industries to get into, that’s not a good one —  protecting natural creatures. Human population
所以如果你寻求进入增长型行业的话， 保护自然生物–前景可不太好。人类人口
29.is going up; it’s going to continue for quite a while.
正在增长；它还将持续很长一段时间。
30.Good business in obstetricians, morticians, and farming, housing, etc — they’re all deals with human bodies which require being fed,
产科医生，殡仪业者，还有农业，房产业等的业务看好– 它们都和人的身体打交道–需要被喂养，
31.transported, housed and so on. And the information technology, which connects to our brains has no limit — now, that is a wonderful
运输，和庇护等等。而信息技术， 它连接我们的大脑，不受限制–是一个可以参与的
32.field to be in. You’re looking for growth opportunity — it’s just going up through the roof.
绝佳领域。你寻找增长机会的话– 它正一飞冲天。
33.And then the size of the Earth. Somehow making these all compatible with the Earth looks like a pretty bad industry to be involved with.
而地球大小本身的限制，从某种程度上使那些扩大地球兼容能力 的行业让人望而却步。
34.So, that’s the stage out of all this. I find, for reasons I don’t understand, I really do have a goal.
所以，这就是所有这些的现状。我发现， 很多原因让我不理解，我确实有个目标。
35.And the goal is that the world be desirable and sustainable when my kids reach my age. And I think that’s — in other words, the next generation. I think that’s a goal that we probably all share.
目标就是当我的孩子到了我这个年纪 世界变得可爱和可持续的。而且我觉得那是-换句话说， 是我们的下一代。我觉得这大概是我们大家共有的目标。
36.I think it’s a hopeless goal. Technologically it’s achievable, economically it’s achievable, politically it’s — it means sort of the habits, institutions of people, it’s impossible.
我觉得它是一个没什么希望的目标。技术上说它是可实现的， 经济上它是可实现的，政治上说它是– 它代表了某种习惯，人们的惯例，它是不可能的。
37.The institutions of the past with all their inertia are just irrelevant for the future, except they’re there and we have to deal with them. I spend about 15 percent of my time
过去的惯例和所有的惰性 看来和未来毫不相关，除了他们是真实存在的 而我们必须处理他们。我花了15%的时间
38.trying to save the world, the other 85 percent the usual …
试图拯救世界，其他的85%做些平常的事… …
39.and whatever else we devote ourselves to.
任何我们致力于的事情。
40.And in that 15 percent, the main focus is on human mind-thinking skills, somehow trying to unleash kids from the straightjacket of schools
在那15%中，主要关注的是人类的思维-思考的技巧， 试着把孩子从学校的束缚中解放出来
41.which is putting information and dogma into them, get them so they really think, ask tough questions, argue about serious subjects, don’t believe everything that’s in the book,
学校只是把信息和教条灌输给他们。 让他们能真正地思考，问尖锐的问题，辩论 严肃的话题，不照本宣科。
42.think broadly or creative. They can be.
广泛地或创造性地思考。他们可以这样。
43.Our school systems are very flawed and do not reward you for the things that are important in life or for the survival of civilization. They reward you
我们的学校系统有很多缺陷，不鼓励你做 对生活来说重要的事情 或者做延续文明的事情。
44.for a lot of learning and sopping up stuff.
他们鼓励很多学习和吸收事物。
45.We can’t go into that today because there isn’t time — it’s a broad subject. One thing for sure, in the future there is an essential feature  — necessary, but not sufficient aspect —
我们今天由于时间关系就无法详说了– 它是一个广泛的主题。可以确定的一件事是， 未来有一个最根本的特征–必要的，但不是充分方面–
46.which is doing more with less. We’ve got to be doing things with more efficiency using less energy, less material.
就是用更少做更多。我们必须做事情 更有效率，使用更少的能源，更少的材料。
47.Your great-great grandparents got by on muscle power, and yet we all think there’s this huge power that’s essential for our lifestyle. And with all the wonderful technology we have
你们的曾曾祖父靠肌肉力量生存 而我们都认为我们的生活方式主要是靠着某种巨大的力量支持。 依靠我们所有的这些神奇的技术
48.we can do things that are much more efficient: conserve, recycle, etc.
我们可以做更有效的事情：生态保护，循环利用等。
49.Let me just rush through very quickly things that we’ve done.
让我快速地过一遍我们完成的事情。
50.Human-powered airplane — Gossamer Condor sort of started me in this direction in 1976 and 77, winning the Kremer prize in aviation history,
人体动力飞机–1976，77年的“游丝秃鹫”算是 开始了我在这个方向的工作， 它赢得了飞行历史上的Kremer奖，
51.followed by the Albatross. And we began making various odd planes and creatures.
第二个叫“信天翁”。接着我们开始 制作各种各样古怪的飞机和作品。
52.Here’s a giant flying replica of a pterosaur that has no tail.
这是仿制了一个大型的无尾翼龙。
53.Like, trying to have it fly straight is like trying to shoot an arrow with the feathered end forward. It was a tough job, and boy it made me have a lot of respect for nature.
让它直线飞行就像射一支羽毛端 朝前的箭。难度很大。 好家伙！其间让我对自然产生了很大的尊敬。
54.This was the full size of the original creature.
这是全尺寸的原始作品。
55.We did things on land, in the air, on water.
我们有在陆上，空中和水上
56.Vehicles of all different kinds, usually with some electronics or electric power systems in them. I find they’re all the same.
制作各种交通工具，通常上面带有电子或者 电力动能系统。我发现他们都是一样的。
57.I don’t care what the — whether its land, air or water.
我不管是陆上，空中还是水上的。
58.I’ll be focusing on the air here. This is a solar-powered airplane — 165 miles carrying a person from France to England as a symbol that solar power is going to be an important part
我在这里将关注的是空中的。这是一架太阳能飞机– 运载一人从法国到英国飞行了165英里 标志着太阳能在我们的未来将担当重要角色。
59.of our future. Then we did the solar car for General Motors — the Sunracer that won the race in Australia.
然后我们为通用公司制作了太阳能汽车– “太阳赛跑者”，它赢得了在澳大利亚的比赛。
60.We got a lot of people thinking about electric cars, what you could do with it. A few years later, when we suggested to GM now is the time and we could do a thing called the Impact,
我们有很多人在思考电动车， 我们可以用它来干嘛。几年后，当我们建议通用 时机已经成熟，我们可以做一个叫“影响力”的东西时，
61.they sponsored it, and here’s the Impact that we developed with them on their programs. The demonstrator. And they put huge effort into turning it into a commercial product.
他们提供了赞助，而这是我们和他们项目开发的“影响力”。 这是示范版。他们尽了巨大的努力 把它变成商业产品。
62.With that preamble, let’s show the first two-minute video tape which shows a little airplane for surveillance and moving to a giant airplane.
开场白结束，让我们来看第一段两分钟的视频录像 它展示了一架小型监察飞机 变成一架巨型机。
63.A tiny airplane, the AV Pointer serves for surveillance: in effect a pair of roving eyeglasses. A cutting-edge example of where miniaturization can lead if the operator is remote
一架小飞机，“AV 指针”是起监察作用的： 实际上是一对粗纱镜片。一个尖端的例子 显示了当操作员远程控制时小型化设备能
64.from the vehicle. It is convenient to carry, assemble and launch by hand. Battery-powered, it is silent and rarely noticed.
起到先导的作用。它便于携带，装配 和手工发动。它使用电池，很安静，几乎难以察觉。
65.It sends high-resolution video pictures back to the operator.
它将高分辨率的视频图片传送回操作员。
66.With onboard GPS, it can navigate autonomously, and it is rugged enough to self land without damage.
利用随身携带的GPS，它可以自动驾驶， 它足够粗旷，可以无损坏自动着陆。
67.The modern sailplane is superbly efficient.
现代的滑翔机超级的高效。
68.Some can glide as flat as 60 feet forward for every foot of descent.
有些可以每下降一英尺向前平滑60英尺。
69.They are powered only by the energy they can extract from the atmosphere — an atmosphere nature stirs up by solar energy.
他们仅通过从大气中 可以吸取的能量来产生动能– 一个被太阳能激起的自然大气。
70.Humans and soaring birds have found nature to be generous in providing replenishable energy. Sailplanes have flown over 1,000 miles and the altitude record is over 50,000 feet.
人类和飞鸟已经发现大自然在 提供持续能力方面是非常慷慨的。滑翔机飞行了 超过1，000英里，海拔记录超过50，000英尺。
71.(Music) The Solar Challenger was made to serve as a symbol that photovoltaic cells can produce real power and will be part of the world’s energy future.
（音乐） 制作“太阳挑战者”标志着 硒电池能产生真正的能量 将成为世界能源未来的一部分。
72.In 1981, it flew 163 miles from Paris to England solely on the power of sunbeams, and established a basis for the Pathfinder.
1981年，它从巴黎到英国飞行了163英里 单单靠阳光动能， 为“探路者”打下了一个基础。
73.(Music) The message from all these vehicles is that ideas and technology can be harnessed to produce remarkable gains in doing more with less;
（音乐） 所有这些交通工具中包含的信息是：想法和技术 可以用来生产出事半功倍的非凡收益；
74.gains that can help us attain a desirable balance between technology and nature. The stakes are high as we speed toward a challenging future.
这些收益可以帮助我们达到 技术和自然的理想平衡。当我们加速向一个 充满挑战的未来前进的时，风险是高的。
75.Buckminster Fuller said it clearly: there are no passengers on spaceship Earth, only crew. We, the crew, can and must do more with less, much less.
Buckminster Fuller清楚地说过：在地球这架 太空船上没有乘客，只有船员。我们，就是船员， 可以而且必须以更少，少得多做到更多。
76.If we could have the second video, the one-minute, put in as quickly as you can, which — this will show the Pathfinder airplane in some flights this past year in Hawaii,
如果我们有第二个视频，一分钟的， 尽快地放进去，这个-这个将展示 “探路者”飞机去年在夏威夷的几次飞行，
77.and will show a sequence of some of the beauty behind it after it had just flown to 71,530 feet — higher than any propeller airplane has ever flown.
还展示在它完成飞行71，530英尺之后 一系列背后的美妙之处– 比任何螺旋桨飞机飞得都要高。
78.It’s amazing, just on the puny power of the sun — by having a super lightweight plane, you’re able to get it up there.
它很神奇，仅仅依靠太阳的微弱能量- 通过一架超轻量飞机，你可以让它飞起来。
79.It’s part of a long-term program NASA sponsored.
这是一项NASA支持的长期项目的一部分。
80.And we worked very closely with the whole thing being a team effort, and with wonderful results like that flight.
我们整个项目团结合作，通过团队的努力 得到像那次飞行一样的很棒的结果。
81.And we’re working on a bigger plane — 220-foot span — and an intermediate-size one with a regenerative fuel cell that can store excess energy during the day, feed it back at night,
而我们正在做一架更大的的飞机–跨度220英尺– 和一架带再生燃料电池的中型飞机 它可以在白天储存过多的能量，在夜间把它输回去，
82.and stay up 65,000 feet for months at a time.
每次可以几个月昼夜停留在65，000的高度。
83.(Music) Ray Morgan’s voice will come in here.
（音乐） 这里会出现Ray Morgan的声音。
84.There he’s the project manager. Anything they do is certainly a team effort. He ran this program. Here’s …
他是项目经理。他们所作的一切 无疑是团队协作的结果。他管理这个项目。这里
85.some things he showed as a celebration at the very end.
他展示了一个最终的庆典仪式。