TimBernersLee_谈下一代网络【中英文对照】

1.Time flies.
光阴似箭
2.It’s actually almost 20 years ago when I wanted to reframe the way we use information, the way we work together — I invented the World Wide Web.
差不多是20年前 当我想重新构造我们使用信息 协同工作方式的时候 – 我发明了万维网
3.Now, 20 years on, at TED, I want to ask your help in a new reframing.
20年过去了，现在，在TED 我请求你们帮助创建新的架构
4.So, going back to 1989, I wrote a memo suggesting the global hypertext system.
回到1989年 我在备忘录中建议使用一种全球的超链接系统
5.Nobody really did anything with it, pretty much.
几乎没有什么人在真正用它
6.But, 18 months later — this is how innovation happens — 18 months later, my boss said I could do it on the side, as a sort of a play project,
但是，18个月后 – 革新就是这么开始的 18个月后，老板说，我可以兼职做这件事 做一种游戏性质的项目
7.kick the tires of a new computer we’d got.
就拿我们新买来的电脑
8.And so he gave me the time to code it up.
他给了我些时间写代码实现
9.So I basically roughed out what HTML should look like, hypertext protocol — HTTP — the idea of URLs — these names for things which started with HTTP.
我草拟了下HTML应该是什么样子 超文本协议 – HTTP – 关于URLs 的想法 – 事物的名称 这些事物都是以HTTP开头命名的
10.I wrote the code and put it out there.
我完成了代码并发布出来。
11.Why did I do it?
我为什么要这么做？
12.Well, it was basically frustration.
这是一个充满挫败感的过程
13.I was frustrated — I was working as a software engineer in this huge, very exciting lab, lots of people coming from all over the world.
我感到很挫败 – 因为我作为名软件工程师 工作在这个令人兴奋的超大的实验室中 很多人从世界各地来到这里
14.They brought all sorts of different computers with them.
他们的电脑各不相同
15.They had all sorts of different data formats.
数据格式各不相同
16.All sorts, all kinds of documentation systems.
文件系统各不相同
17.So that, in all that diversity, if I wanted to figure out how to build something out of a bit of this and a bit of this, everything I looked into, I had to connect to some new machine,
所以，这其中有很大的差异性 如果我想建立一点点东西 在这些差异性很大的电脑上 我要找一些数据，我不得不连接到一些新的机器
18.I had to learn to run some new program, I would find the information I wanted in some new data format.
运行一些新的程序 以便我能在新的数据格式中找到一些信息
19.And these were all incompatible.
这些都是不兼容的
20.It was just very frustrating.
这非常令人沮丧
21.The frustration was all this unlocked potential.
这种挫败感却正显示出这个项目的潜力所在
22.In fact, on all these discs there were documents.
事实上，这些磁盘里全是文件
23.So if you just imagined them all being part of some big, virtual documentation system in the sky, say on the Internet, then life would be so much easier.
所以如果你仅仅把他们 想象成天空中某些大型虚拟文件系统的一部分 比如Internet 生活就会简单得多
24.Well, once you’ve had an idea like that it kind of gets under your skin and even if people don’t read your memo — actually he did, it was found after he died, his copy.
这样，一旦你有了这样的想法 即使人们并没有读到你的备忘录 事实上他读到了，因为在他死后，在他的草稿拷贝中
25.He had written, “Vague, but exciting,” in pencil, in the corner.
他用铅笔在角落写到“模糊，但是令人兴奋”。
26.(Laughter) But in general it was difficult — it was really difficult to explain what the web was like.
（笑声） 但一般情况下，很难有这样的想法 – 的确很难解释 网络是什么样的
27.It’s difficult to explain to people now that it was difficult then.
现在都很难向人们解释，更别提当初了
28.But then — OK, when TED started, there was no web so things like click didn’t have the same meaning.
但是 – 对，当TED开始时，那时没有网络 所以像点击这样的事情含义是不同的
29.I can show somebody a piece of hypertext, a page which has got links, and we click on the link and bing — there’ll be another hypertext page.
我现在可以向某人展示一大堆超链接 某个包含链接的网页 我们点击一个链接，然后bing  — 就会转到另一个超链接的页面
30.Not impressive.
没什么令人印象深刻的
31.You know, we’ve seen that — we’ve got things on hypertext on CD-ROMs.
我们已经见到，通过超链接找到CD-ROMs中的内容
32.What was difficult was to get them to imagine So, imagine that that link could have gone to virtually any document you could imagine.
困难的是把它们想象出来 所以，想象那个链接可以到 任何实际的你能想象得到的文件
33.Alright, that is the leap that was very difficult for people to make.
好的，这个跳跃对于人们是很难做到的
34.Well, some people did.
然而，一些人做到了
35.Though yeah, it was difficult to explain, but there was a grassroots movement.
尽管很难解释，但是这是一场草根运动
36.And that is what has made it most fun.
这正是使它好玩的地方
37.That has been the most exciting thing, not the technology, not the things people have done with it, but actually the community, the spirit of all these people
也是最令人激动人心的事情 不是技术，不是人们用它所做的东西 而是实际的交流，所有这些人的思想汇聚
38.getting together, sending emails.
在一起，发送电子邮件
39.That’s what it was like then.
这是那时的情况
40.Do you know what? It’s funny, but right now it’s kind of like that again.
你知道吗？有趣的是，现在跟那时候又有点像了
41.I asked everybody, more or less, to put their documents — I said, “Could you put your documents on this web thing?”
我问每一个人，他们或多或少都发布过文档 我说“你能把你的文档放到网络上吗？”
42.And, you did.
然后，你做了
43.Thanks.
谢谢
44.It’s been a blast, hasn’t it?
这已经是一场疾风，不是吗？
45.I mean, it has been quite interesting because we’ve found out that the things that happen with the web really sort of blow us away.
我的意思是，它已经非常有趣 因为我们发现，网络上发生的事情似乎 已经把我们吹到了一边
46.They’re much more than we’d originally imagined when we put together the initial website that we started off with.
现在它的功能得比我们想象的还多 最初的设计只是想把文档放在一起 在我们最初开始使用网络时
47.Now, I want you to put your data on the web.
现在我想让你把你的数据放在网上
48.Turns out that there is still huge unlocked potential.
还是有巨大的可释放潜力
49.There is still a huge frustration that people have because we haven’t got data on the web as data.
也有很大的挫败感 因为我们从网上得到的数据不是我们想要的数据
50.What do you mean data? What’s the difference — documents, data?
你说的数据是什么？文档和数据之间有什么区别？
51.Documents you read, OK?
文档是你阅读的东西
52.More or less, you read them, you can follow links from them, and that’s it.
或多或少，你都读过，你可以追踪他们的链接，就是这样
53.Data — you can do all kinds of stuff with a computer.
数据—你可以通过一台电脑使用各种数据
54.Who was here or has otherwise seen Hans Rosling’s talk?
谁在这里或者其他地方听过汉斯罗素玲的演讲？
55.One of the great — yes a lot of people have seen it — one of the great TED Talks.
一个伟大的 – 很多人已经看过了 – 一个伟大的TED演讲
56.Hans put up this presentation in which he showed, for various different countries, in various different colors — he showed income levels on one axis
汉斯在他的演示文档中 使用不同的颜色表示不同的国家 他在一个轴上显示收入水平
57.and he showed infant mortality, and he shot this thing animated through time.
同时他用动画按年份显示婴儿死亡率
58.So, he’d taken this data and made a presentation which just shattered a lot of myths that people had about the economics in the developing world.
他使用这些数据完成了一场演讲， 这个演讲打破了很多人 对发展中国家经济的神话
59.He put up a slide a little bit like this.
他展示了一个类似的幻灯片
60.It had underground all the data OK, data is brown and boxy and boring, and that’s how we think of it, isn’t it?
数据都被埋在地下 对，数据是这些棕色的、无趣的四方盒子 我们就是这样看待数据的，不是吗？
61.Because data you can’t naturally use by itself But in fact, data drives a huge amount of what happens in our lives and it happen because somebody takes that data and does something with it.
因为，你不能漫无目的地使用数据 但事实上，数据驱动了我们的生活 因为某些人使用了数据并且做了些事情
62.In this case, Hans had put the data together he had found it from all kinds of United Nations websites and things.
在这个例子中，汉斯将数据放到了一起 汉斯在美国网站找到各种数据和事物
63.He had put it together, combined it into something more interesting than the original pieces and then he’d put it into this software,
他把数据放到了一起 将它们组合起来使之比原始数据有趣得多 然后把数据放到这个软件中
64.which I think his son developed, originally, and produces this wonderful presentation.
这个软件我觉得是他儿子开发的 最终他做出了这个美妙的演示
65.And Hans made a point of saying, “Look, it’s really important to have a lot of data.”
最后汉斯说道 “瞧，有大量的数据是非常重要的”
66.And I was happy to see that at the party last night that he was still saying, very forcibly, “It’s really important to have a lot of data.”
我高兴地看到在昨天的晚会上 他仍然强烈地表示“有大量数据是非常重要的”
67.So I want us now to think about not just two pieces of data being connected, or six like he did, but I want to think about a world where everybody has put data on the web
现在我想让大家想的是 不仅仅是两条数据间的连接，或者像他所说的那样六条数据 而是这个世界上任何人
68.and so virtually everything you can imagine is on the web.
都把数据和可以虚拟化的一切内容放到网络上
69.and then calling that linked data.
然后把它们称为关联数据
70.The technology is linked data, and it’s extremely simple.
这个技术就是关联数据，它是极其简单的
71.If you want to put something on the web there are three rules: first thing is that those HTTP names — those things that start with “http:” —
如果你想把什么东西放在网络，有三条规则 第一条规则是，需要有HTTP的名字 那些东西要以http：开头
72.we’re using them not just for documents now, we’re using them for things that the documents are about.
我们现在不仅对文档这样用 对文档描述的事物也这样用
73.We’re using them for people, we’re using them for places, we’re using them for your products, we’re using them for events.
我们对人物、地点 产品，事件等都这样用
74.All kinds of conceptual things, they have names now that start with HTTP.
所有概念化的东西现在都以HTTP开头命名
75.Second rule, if I take one of these HTTP names and I look it up and I do the web thing with it and I fetch the data using the HTTP protocol from the web,
第二条规则，如果我有一个HTTP名称，然后我根据它在网络上进行查找 我可以从网上获取数据 通过HTTP协议
76.I will get back some data in a standard format which is kind of useful data that somebody might like to know about that thing, about that event.
我将得到一些标准的格式化数据 这些有用数据或许是关于人们希望了解 某个事物或者事件的
77.Who’s at the event? Whatever it is about that person, where they were born, things like that.
事件的主人公是谁？关于这个人的所有信息 他们什么时候生的，等等
78.So the second rule is I get important information back.
所以，第二条规则就是我通过HTTP获得了重要的数据
79.Third rule is that when I get back that information it’s not just got somebody’s height and weight and when they were born, it’s got relationships.
第三条规则是，我得到的信息 不仅仅是某人的身高、体重和出生日期 还有数据间的关系
80.Data is relationships.
数据是有联系的
81.Interestingly, data is relationships.
很有趣，数据是有联系的
82.This person was born in Berlin, Berlin is Germany.
这个人出生在柏林，柏林在德国
83.And when it has relationships, whenever it expresses a relationship then the other thing that it’s related to is given one of those names that starts HTTP.
当数据有联系时，无论何时它表现出这种联系 另一件与之有联系的事物 就以HTTP开头命名
84.So, I can go ahead and look that thing up.
所以，我可以直接去找那件事
85.So I look up a person — I can look up then the city where they were born I can look up the region it’s in, and the town it’s in, and the population of it, and so on.
比如，我查一个人 — 我查他出生的城市 这个城市的所在区域，城市的城镇 人口等等
86.So I can browse this stuff.
这样我就能浏览这些信息
87.So that’s it, really.
真的，就是这样
88.That is linked data.
这就是关联数据
89.I wrote an article entitled “Linked Data” a couple of years ago and soon after that, things started to happen.
我多年前在一篇文章中给它命名为“关联数据” 之后不久，有些事开始发生了
90.The idea of linked data is that we get lots and lots and lots of these boxes that Hans had, and we get lots and lots and lots of things sprouting.
关联数据的想法就像我们得到了很多很多 类似汉斯拥有的盒子 很多很多的事物开始发芽生长
91.It’s not just a whole lot of other plants.
它带给我们相当多的植物
92.It’s not just a root supplying a plant, but for each of those plants, whatever it is — a presentation, an analysis, somebody’s looking for patterns in the data —
不仅仅是一个根供给一个植物 对于这的每一个植物，无论它是什么 一个演示，一个分析，某些人查看数据的样式
93.they get to look at all the data and they get it connected together, And the really important thing about data is the more things you have to connect together, the more powerful it is.
它们都着眼于所有的数据 并且它们把数据联系起来 关于数据真正重要的是 你把很多东西联系起来，数据就更加有价值
94.So, linked data.
所以，关联数据
95.The meme went out there.
由此而来
96.And, pretty soon Chris Bizer at the Freie Universitat in Berlin who was one of the first people to put interesting things up, he noticed that Wikipedia —
很快，来自柏林自由大学的克里斯拜泽 做为第一人把有趣的东西放在一起 他注意到维基百科
97.you know Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia with lots and lots of interesting documents in it.
一部在线百科全书 有很多有趣的文档
98.Well, in those documents, there are little squares, little boxes.
在这些文档中，有些小方格子和小盒子
99.And in most information boxes, there’s data.
在许多信息盒子中，就是数据
100.So he wrote a program to take the data, extract it from Wikipedia, and put it into a blob of linked data on the web, which he called dbpedia.
他写了 一个程序将数据从维基百科中提取出来 然后将它放到关联数据的blob（二进制大对象）中 在网络上，被他称之为dbpedia（数据库百科）
101.Dbpedia is represented by the blue blob in the middle of this slide and if you actually go and look up Berlin, you’ll find that there are other blobs of data
这张幻灯片中部蓝色的blob表示Dbpedia 如果你去找柏林 你会发现还有其他的数据
102.which also have stuff about Berlin, and they’re linked together.
也有柏林的信息，它们被联系到了一起
103.So if you pull the data from dbpedia about Berlin, you’ll end up pulling up these other things as well.
所以，如果你要从dbpedia中摘出关于柏林的数据 你也最终会摘出其他内容
104.And the exciting thing is it’s starting to grow.
令人兴奋的事情是它正在成长
105.This is just the grassroots stuff again, OK?
这又是一个草根做的事情，对吗？
106.Let’s think about data for a bit.
让我们多想想数据
107.Data comes in fact in lots and lots of different forms Think of the diversity of the web, it’s a really important thing that the web allows you to put all kinds of data up there.
数据实际上来源于很多很多不同的形式 想想网络的多样性，很重要的一点 网络允许你将各式各样的数据放在一起
108.So it is with data. I could talk about all kinds of data.
说到数据，我能说出各种各样的数据
109.We could talk about government data, enterprise data is really important, there’s scientific data, there’s personal data, there’s weather data, there’s about events,
我们可以说政府数据，企业数据真的很重要 还有科学数据，个人数据 天气数据，关于事件的数据
110.there’s data about talks, and there’s news and all kinds of stuff.
关于谈话的数据，还有新闻和各种类似的东西
111.I’m just going to mention a few of them so that you get the idea of the diversity of it, so that you also see how much unlocked potential.
我只提到了一小部分数据 你们就可以看出其多样性 所以你可以看到其中的潜力
112.Let’s start with government data.
让我们从政府数据说起
113.Barack Obama said, in a speech, that he — American government data would be available on the Internet in accessible formats.
让我们从政府数据说起 美国的政府数据将在互联网上被应用 以一种可访问的形式
114.And I hope that they will put it up as linked data.
美国的政府数据将在互联网上以一种可访问的形式被应用
115.That’s important. Why is it important?
这非常重要，难道不是吗？