NicholasNegroponte_每个儿童一台笔记本电脑【中英文对照】

1.I’ve been at MIT for 44 years. I went to TED I.
我在麻省理工工作了44年。我还参加过第一届TED大会。
2.There’s only one other person here, I think, who did that.
我想在座的各位中只有一个人有过这样的经历。
3.All the other TEDs — and I went to them all, under Ricky’s regime — I talked about what the Media Lab was doing, which today has almost 500 people in it.
在所有其他的TED大会上——我参加了所有的TED，都是在Ricky的领导下—— 我讲的都是媒体实验室做了什么， 现在这所实验室已经有了将近500个人。
4.And if you read the press, it actually last week said I quit the Media Lab.
大家要是读了报纸，会发现上星期报纸上说我退出了媒体实验室。
5.I didn’t quit the Media Lab, I stepped down as chairman — which was a kind of ridiculous title, but someone else has taken it on, and one of the things you can do as a professor,
我没有退出实验室，我只是不再做“主席”了—— 这个头衔有点滑稽，不过现在由另外的人担任了， 当教授就是有这么个好处，
6.is you stay on as a professor.
那就是你一旦当上，就一直是教授。
7.And I will now do for the rest of my life the One Laptop Per Child, which I’ve sort of been doing for a year and a half, anyway.
而从现在开始，我这一辈子要投身于每个儿童一台笔记本电脑项目， 这件事我已经做了一年半了。
8.So I’m going to tell you about this, use my 18 minutes to tell you why I’m doing it, how we’re doing it, and then what we’re doing.
所以，这次我就来说说这件事， 在给我的18分钟时间里说说我为什么要做这件事， 如何做，以及我们正在做什么。
9.And at some point I’ll even pass around what the 100 dollar laptop might be like.
讲话中间，我还会给大家 看一看100美元笔记本电脑是什么样的。
10.Now, I was asked by Chris to talk about some of the big issues, and so I figured I’d start with the three that at least drove me to do this.
Chris让我说说一些重大的事。 因此我想，我应该从促使我做这件事的三点认识开始。
11.And the first is pretty obvious.
第一条非常明显。
12.It’s amazing when you meet a head of state, and you say, “What is your most precious natural resource?”
有一件事很让人惊讶。当你会见某个国家元首，问 “贵国最宝贵的自然资源是什么？”
13.They will not say children at first, and then when you say children, they will pretty quickly agree with you.
他们最初不会说是儿童， 不过当你说是儿童后，他们很快会同意你的说法。
14.And so that isn’t very hard.
因此，这一条不很难理解。
15.Everybody agrees that whatever the solutions are to the big problems, they include education, sometimes can be just education, and can never be without some element of  education.
每个人都同意，一些重大问题的解决方案不论是什么， 都会包括教育，有时只能靠教育， 而且无论如何都不能少了教育。
16.So that’s certainly part of it.
因此教育肯定是不可或缺的。
17.And the third is a little bit less obvious.
第三条就不那么明显了。
18.And that is that we all in this room learned how to walk, how to talk, not by being taught how to talk, or taught how to walk, but by interacting with the world,
这间屋子里的诸位，在学习走路、说话的时候， 不是靠别人教给我们如何说话，或如何走路， 而是通过和周围的世界互动，
19.by having certain results as a consequence of being able to ask for something, or being able to stand up and reach it.
是因为我们能够去要东西，或是能够站起来，够到东西了， 通过这些行为导致某种特定的结果.
20.Whereas at about the age six, we were told to stop learning that way, and that all learning from then on would happen through teaching,
可是在大约6岁的时候，我们被告知，不能这样学习了， 从那时开始要靠学校教育学习，
21.whether it’s people standing up, like I’m doing now, or a book, or something.
这可能是有个人站在我们面前，就像我现在做的那样，或是通过书本，以及其他什么东西。
22.But it was really through teaching.
但确确实实是通过教而学。
23.And one of the things in general that computers have provided to learning is that it now includes a kind of learning which is a little bit more like walking and talking,
通常说来，电脑能够为学习带来的一件事， 就是它能够提供一种特别的学习经历 这种学习有点像学习走路和说话，
24.in the sense that a lot of it’s driven by the learner himself or herself.
从某种意义上讲，主要是靠学习者自身的激励进行的。
25.So with those as the principles — some of you may know Seymour Papert, this is back in 1982, when we were working in Senegal.
因此，基于这些原则—— 诸位中可能有人想到Seymour Papert, 那是在1982年，我们当时在塞内加尔。
26.Because some people think that the 100 dollar laptop just happened a year  ago, or two years ago, or we were struck by lightning.
有人可能以为100美元电脑只是一年前开始的， 或是2年前开始的，或是我们突发奇想开始做的。
27.This actually has gone back a long time, and in fact, back to the ’60s.
其实这件事已经做了很长时间，实际上可以上溯到1960年代。
28.Here we’re in the ’80s.
这张照片是1980年代拍的。
29.Steve Jobs had given us some laptops, we were in Senegal.
史蒂夫·乔布斯捐给我们一些笔记本电脑，我们是在塞内加尔。
30.It didn’t scale but it at least was bringing computers to developing countries, and learning pretty quickly that these kids — even though English wasn’t their language,
这件事的规模没能扩大，但至少，它把电脑带到了第三世界国家， 而且这些孩子学得很快—— 虽然他们的语言不是英语，
31.the Latin alphabet barely was their language, but they could just swim like fish; they could play these like pianos.
甚至他们连拉丁字母都不大认识， 可是他们就像鱼儿入了水， 他们就像弹钢琴一样玩这些电脑。
32.A little bit more recently, I got involved personally.
更近一些时候，我亲自参加了这样的项目。
33.And these are two anecdotes — one was in Cambodia, in a village that has no electricity, no water, no television, no telephone, but has broadband Internet now.
这里有两段故事——其中的一段是在柬埔寨。 我们选择的村庄没有电，没有自来水，没有电视，也没有电话， 但是现在却有了宽带互联网。
34.And these kids, their first English word is “Google,”
这些孩子会说的第一个英语词是“Google”，
35.and they only know Skype. They’ve never heard of telephony.
他们只知道Skype。他们从来没有听说过普通的电话。
36.OK, they just use Skype.
他们只用Skype。
37.And they go home at night; they’ve got a broadband connection in a hut that doesn’t have electricity.
晚上回到家，他们可以通过宽带上网 虽然茅屋里并没有电。
38.The parents love it, because when they open up the laptops, it’s the brightest light source in the house.
家长们都很喜欢这东西，因为孩子们一打开电脑， 电脑就成了屋子里最亮的光源。
39.And talk about where metaphors and reality mix — this is the actual school.
现在我来讲一讲想象和现实是如何交汇的—— 这就是那所学校。
40.In parallel with this, Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine to legislate one laptop per child in the year 2002.
与此同时，Seymour Papert还说服缅因州州长 通过了一项法案，从2002年起为每个儿童提供一台电脑。
41.Now at the time, I think it’s fair to say that 80 percent of the teachers were — — let me say, apprehensive.
当时，我觉得可以说百分之八十的教师都—— ——可以说是忧心忡忡。
42.Really, they were actually against it.
真的，他们当时确实是反对这件事。
43.And they really preferred that the money would be used for higher salaries, more schools, whatever.
他们更希望这笔钱能用来 给他们涨工资，建几所新学校，等等。
44.And now, three and a half years later, guess what?
现在，三年半过去了，猜猜发生了什么？
45.They’re reporting five things.
他们报告说有五大变化。
46.Drop of truancy to almost zero, attending parent-teacher meetings — which nobody did and now almost everybody does — drop in discipline problems, increase in student participation.
逃课现象几乎消失了，家长会到会的人多了—— 过去没有人来，现在几乎所有的家长都来—— 违反纪律的现象少了，学生的参与度提高了。
47.Teachers are now saying it’s kind of fun to teach; kids are engaged. They have laptops.
老师们现在说教学很有乐趣； 孩子们积极参与。他们都有笔记本电脑。
48.And then the fifth, which interests me the most, is that the servers have to be turned off at certain times at night because the teachers are just getting too much email
第五点我觉得最有趣， 那就是到了晚上某个时间，他们必须把服务器关上。 因为老师们收到的电子邮件太多了
49.from the kids asking them for help.
许许多多的孩子请求帮助。
50.So when you see that kind of thing, this is not something that you have to test.
因此，当大家看到这些实例的时候，就知道这件事已经无需再做试验。
51.The days of pilot projects are over, when people say, “Well, we’d like to do three or four thousand in our country to see how it works.”
项目的试验阶段已经过去了，所以当有人说， “嗯，我们想先在我们国家做三四千人的试验，看看效果如何。”
52.Screw you. Go to the back of the line and someone else will do it, and then when you figure out that this works, you can join as well.
去你的吧。一边儿去。自然有别的愿意参与的来做。 当你想明白了，这事儿行得通的时候，再来加入吧。
53.And this is what we’re doing.
我们现在就是这么做的。
54.(Laughter) (Applause) So, One Laptop Per Child was formed about a year and a half ago.
（笑声）（掌声） 因此，每个儿童一台笔记本电脑计划形成于大约一年半以前。
55.It’s a nonprofit association; it raised about 20 million dollars to do the engineering to just get this built, and then have it produced afterwards.
这是一个非盈利组织。它筹集了两千万美元 进行工程开发，然后进行生产。
56.Scale is truly important.
规模非常的重要。
57.And it’s not important because you can buy components at a lower price, OK?
规模之所以重要，并不是因为这样可以以更低的价格购买零部件，明白吗？
58.It’s because you can go to a manufacturer — and I will leave the name out — but we wanted a small display, doesn’t have to have perfect color uniformity,
而是因为这样的话你就可以跟生产商谈—— 这里我就不说那家生产商的名字了—— 我当时说我们想要比较小的显示屏，色彩还原不必完美，
59.it can even have a pixel or two missing, it doesn’t have to be that bright.
甚至可以有一两个坏点，也无需那么亮。
60.And this particular manufacturer said, “Well, you know, we’re not interested in that. We’re interested in the living room.
结果这家生产商说： “哦，可是我们对此不感兴趣。我们感兴趣的是客厅电脑。
61.We’re interested in perfect color uniformity.
我们希望有完美的色彩还原。
62.We’re interested in big displays, bright displays.
我们想造的是大显示屏，亮显示屏。
63.You’re not part of our strategic plan.”
你不在我们的战略规划里。”
64.And I said, “Well, that’s kind of too bad, because we need 100 million units a year.”
于是我说：“哦，那真是可惜。 因为我们一年就需要一亿部。”
65.And they said, “Oh, well maybe we could become part of your strategic plan.”
结果他们说：“哦，也许我们可以成为你们的战略规划的一部分。”
66.And that’s why scale counts.
这就是规模的重要性之所在。
67.And that’s why we will not launch this without five to 10 million units in the first run.
因此，首批达不到500到1000万部，我们是不会发布这种电脑的。
68.And the idea is to launch with enough scale that the scale itself helps bring the price down, and that’s why I said seven to 10 million there.
我们的理念是，通过足够大的规模 让规模自身把价格压下来， 因此这里我说到是700到1000万部。
69.And we’re doing it without a sales and marketing team.
而且我们做这件事不需要市场销售队伍。
70.I mean, you’re looking at the sales and marketing team.
我的意思是，大家可能会问我们的销售队伍在哪儿。
71.We will do it by going to seven large countries and getting them to agree and launch it, and then the others can follow.
我们是和7个国家讨论这件事，希望他们能够同意发布 其他的国家可以效仿。
72.We have partners; it’s not hard to guess Google would be one, the others are all playing to pending.
我们也有合作伙伴。大家不难猜到谷歌是其中一家， 其他的还都没确定。
73.And this has been in the press a great deal.
这件事媒体业报道很多次了。
74.It’s the so-called Green Machine that we introduced with Kofi Annan in November at the World Summit that was held in Tunisia.
这就是所谓的绿色电脑，我们是和安南一起发布的 那是在突尼斯，在11月举行的世界首脑峰会上。
75.Now once people start looking at this, they say, ah, this is a laptop project.
有的人一看到这个电脑，会说，啊，这是个笔记本电脑项目。
76.Well, no, it’s not a laptop project. It’s an education project.
不对，这不是一个笔记本电脑项目。这是一个教育项目。
77.And the fun part — and I’m quite focused on it — I tell people I used to be a light bulb, but now I’m a laser.
最有趣的一点——我对此很关注—— 我跟人们说，我过去像灯泡一样有很多新点子照亮别人，现在我是激光。
78.I’m just going to get that thing built, and it turns out it’s not so hard.
我一定要造出这种电脑， 而且事实证明这不是那么难。
79.Because laptop economics are the following: I say 50 percent here; it’s more like 60, 60 percent of the cost of your laptop is sales, marketing, distribution and profit.
因为笔记本电脑业的经营奥秘是这样的： 这里我指出是百分之五十，其实更像是百分之六十。 大家购买笔记本电脑所花的钱，有百分之六十是付给了销售、市场营销、渠道以及利润等。
80.Now we have none of those, OK?
现在我们把这些都拿掉。
81.None of those figure into our cost.
所有这些数字都不在我们的成本里。
82.Because first of all, we sell it at cost, and the governments distribute it.
因为，首先，我们以成本价销售，并且通过政府来发行。
83.It gets distributed to the school system like a textbook.
就像课本一样，发行到学校。
84.So that piece disappears, and then you have display and everything else.
因此这一块就没有了，现在剩下的只是显示器以及其他的部件。
85.Now the display on your laptop costs, in rough numbers, 10 dollars a diagonal inch.
笔记本电脑上的显示器的成本，粗略算来， 大约是每英寸（对角线长度）10美元。
86.Now that can drop to eight, it can drop to seven, but it’s not going to drop to two, or to one and a half, unless we do some pretty clever things.
这个价格有可能降到8美元或7美元。 但是却不会一下子降到2美元或1.5美元， 除非我们能有什么重大突破。
87.It’s the rest — that little brown box — that is pretty fascinating, because the rest of your laptop is devoted to itself.
让我们感兴趣的是剩下的部分——那块棕色的部分， 因为笔记本电脑其余的部分都是为自己而存在的。
88.It’s a little bit like an obese person having to use most of their energy to move their obesity. OK?
这有点像一个胖人，必须把大部分 大部分的体能用于移动自己肥胖的身子。明白吗？
89.And we have a situation today which is incredible.
我们现在的处境就有点匪夷所思。
90.OK, I’ve been using laptops since their inception.
自从笔记本电脑问世，我就开始用这种东西。
91.And my laptop runs slower, less reliably and less pleasantly than it ever has before.
可是一直以来，我的笔记本电脑越来越慢，越来越不稳定，越来越不让我满意。
92.And this year is worse.
今年情况就更糟了。
93.Now people clap, sometimes you even get standing ovations and I say, “What the hell’s wrong with you? Why are we all sitting there?”
听了这话，有人鼓掌，有时还有人站起来喝彩，我要说， “大家都怎么了？我们为什么坐在这里坐视这一切？”
94.And somebody to remain nameless called our laptop a gadget recently.
而且有个我不愿指名道姓的人最近还把我们的笔记本电脑叫做“电玩”。
95.And I said, God, our laptop’s going to go like a bat out of hell.
我听了之后说，老天，我们的笔记本电脑可是运行飞快的。
96.When you open it up, it’s going to go “bing,” it’ll be on, it’ll use it.
当你打开它，它会嘭的一下子亮起来，就开了，就能用了。
97.It’ll be just like it was in 1985, when you bought an Apple Macintosh 512.
就像在1985年，大家刚买回来的苹果的Mac512一样。
98.It worked really well.
它非常好用。
99.And we’ve been going steadily downhill.
我们一直以来都是在走下坡路。
100.Now this people ask all the time what it is.
大家一直在问，我们的电脑配置是什么样的。
101.That’s what it is.
就是这个样子的。
102.The two pieces that are probably notable is it’ll be a mesh network, so when the kids open up their laptops, they all become a network,
值得关注的两点，是它会使用网状网络， 所以当孩子们一开机，他们就都连成一个网络，
103.and then just need one or two points of backhaul.
然后就只需要1到2点的空载传输。
104.You can serve a couple of thousand kids with two megabits.
有两兆的带宽，就足够几千个孩子用的。
105.So you really can bring into a village, and then the villages can connect themselves, and you really can do it quite well.
因此很容易把它部署到村庄， 整个村庄就能联网， 这样就能用得很好。
106.The dual mode display — the idea is to have a display that both works outdoors — isn’t it fun using your cell phone outdoors in the sunlight?
另外一点是双模式显示屏——这样设计是为了让它既能在室外使用—— 大家在室外使用手机的时候有没有遇到问题？
107.Well, you can’t see it.
对了，屏幕看不清。
108.And one of the reasons  you can’t see it is because it’s backlighting most of the time, most cell phones.
之所以看不清，其中一个原因在于手机是背光照明的， 绝大部分手机都是。
109.Now, what we’re doing is, we’re doing one that will be both front lit and back lit.
因此，我们要做的是，我们要设计一种既使用背光，又使用反射光的屏幕。
110.And whether you manually switch it or you do it in the software is to be seen.
置于到底是手动切换还是通过软件切换还没最后决定。
111.But when it’s back lit, it’s color, and when it’s front lit, it’s black and white at three times the resolution.
不过在使用背光的时候，它是彩色的， 使用反射光的时候，就是黑白的了，分辨率高了三倍。
112.Is it all worked out? No.
这样的显示模式是否已经设计完成了？还没。
113.That’s why a lot of our people are more or less living in Taiwan right now.
所以现在我们还有很多人住在台湾。
114.And in about 30 days we’ll know for sure whether this works.
再过一个月我们就能知道这是否行得通了。
115.Probably the most important piece there is that the kids really can do the maintenance.
也许最重要的一点， 是孩子们自己就能进行维护。
116.And this is again something that people don’t believe, but I really think it’s quite true.
许多人对此也是将信将疑， 但我很确定，这一点没有问题。
117.That’s the machine we showed in Tunis, and this is more the direction that we’re going to go.
这就是我们在突尼斯展示的电脑， 而这是我们要设计的更多的使用方式。
118.And it’s something that we didn’t think was possible.
原来我们也曾以为这些都不可能呢。
119.Now, I’m going to pass this around.
现在我把这个机器往下传一下。