JamesHowardKunstler_解析市郊【中英文对照】

1.The immersive ugliness of our everyday environments in America is entropy made visible.
我们每日的生活环境 正因为僵硬的标准 而日益沦为丑陋的世界
2.We can’t overestimate the amount of despair that we are generating with places like this.
我们不能低估这样的地方 给我们带来的绝望
3.And mostly, I want to persuade you that we have to do better if we’re going to continue the project of civilization in America.
我在这儿最想传达的是：如果我们还想继续在美国这片土地上 延续文明，我们必须做得更好
4.By the way, this doesn’t help.
顺便说一句，这个不管用
5.Nobody’s having a better day down here because of that.
它可不会让下面经过的人更愉快
6.There are a lot of ways you can describe this, you know, I like to call it “the national automobile slum.”
有很多定义这个现状的方法， 我喜欢把它叫做“国家机动车陋街”
7.You can call it suburban sprawl.
还可以管它叫“蔓延的市郊”
8.I think it’s appropriate to call it the greatest misallocation of resources in the history of the world.
我觉得它还可以被确切的称作 世界史上最烂的资源分配效果
9.You can call it a technosis externality clusterfuck.
也可以把它叫做露馅的垃圾技术聚会
10.And it’s a tremendous problem for us.
它是我们面临一大难题
11.The outstanding — the salient problem about this for us is that these are places that are not worth caring about.
最明显的——这带来的最突出的问题在于 这些地方已经沦为了不值得关注的地方
12.We’re gonna talk about that some more.
就这点我们可以再多说几句
13.A sense of place.
“感知空间”
14.Your ability to create places that are meaningful and places of quality and character depends entirely on your ability to define space with buildings,
创造有意义、高质量的个性空间的能力 完全取决于你心中建筑物之于空间的定义
15.and to employ the vocabularies, grammars, syntaxes, rhythms, and patterns of architecture in order to inform us who we are.
并选择建筑领域中合适的词汇、语法、 语序、韵律以及建筑模式 以此向我们传达“我们是谁”
16.The public realm in America has two roles: It is the dwelling place of our civilization and our civic life, and it is the physical manifestation of the common good.
美国的公共空间有两个用途： 社会文明在那儿继续，市民生活在那里进行， 那儿同样也是大众利益的集中体现
17.And when you degrade the public realm, you will automatically degrade the quality of your civic life, and the character of all the enactments of your public life and communal life that take place there.
当公共空间的级别降低时， 市民生活的质量，以及公共、社会生活 的所有内容就自然而然的降级了
18.The public realm comes mostly in the form of the street in America, because we don’t have the 1,000-year-old cathedral plazas and market squares of older cultures.
在美国，最常见的公共空间就是街道， 因为我们没有那些古老文明所有的千年大教堂广场 以及露天市场
19.And your ability to define space and to create places that are worth caring about all comes from a body of culture that we call the culture of civic design.
我们定义空间、并创造出值得关注的地方的能力 都来自我们称作“城市环境设计”这个领域
20.This is a body of knowledge, method, skill and principle that we threw in the garbage after World War II, and decided we don’t need that anymore; we’re not going to use it.
这是一个集知识、方法、技能、原则为一体的整体， 而二战之后，我们把它打入了冷宫 决定我们再也不需要它了，我们不会再用到它
21.And consequently, we can see the result all around us.
这带来的后果，我们在周围就可以看到
22.The public realm has to inform us not only where we are geographically, but it has to inform us where we are in our culture.
公共空间不仅有提示我们所处地理位置的职能， 同时也提醒我们，我们的文化所处的位置
23.Where we’ve come from, what kind of people we are, and it needs to — — by doing that, it needs to afford us a glimpse to where we’re going
我们文化的源头在哪儿，我们是怎样的民族——公共空间 需要以这种方式使得我们窥见一丝未来的方向，
24.in order to allow us to dwell in a hopeful present.
给当下的我们带来一线希望
25.And if there is one tremendous — if there is one great catastrophe about the places that we’ve built, the human environments we’ve made for ourselves in the last 50 years,
如果说有巨大的灾难—— 如果说我们已建的东西带来了什么灾难的话 那就是我们近50年来给自己营造的居住环境
26.it is that it has deprived us of the ability to live in a hopeful present.
剥夺了我们对在希望中生活的能力
27.The environments we are living in, more typically, are like these.
我们比较典型的生活环境是这样的：
28.You know, this happens to be the asteroid belt of architectural garbage two miles north of my town.
这正巧是我住的地方以北两英里处的垃圾建筑行星带
29.And remember, to create a place of character and quality, you have to be able to define space.
还记得吗，创造一个有个性和质量的空间 你首先需要有定义空间的能力
30.So how is that being accomplished here?
看看这是如何在这个国家实现的
31.If you stand on the apron of the Wal-Mart over here and try to look at the Target store over here, you can’t see it because of the curvature of the Earth. (Laughter)
如果你站在这边沃尔玛的停车场上 试着看那边儿的Target商店 由于地球的曲率，你根本看不着（笑）
32.That’s nature’s way of telling you that you’re doing a poor job of defining space.
那是大自然告诉你“你干得很烂”的方式
33.Consequently, these will be places that nobody wants to be in.
结果是，人们渐渐地再也不想到这些地方来
34.These will be places that are not worth caring about.
这些地方将要成为不值得关注爱护的地方
35.We have about, you know, 38,000 places that are not worth caring about in the United States today.
在美国，大概有38000个类似的地方 不值得我们爱护
36.When we have enough of them, we’re gonna have a nation that’s not worth defending.
等我们有足够多的这样的地方，我们就将要拥有一个不值得保卫的国家了！
37.And I want you to think about that when you think about those young men and women who are over in places like Iraq, spilling their blood in the sand.
我希望你们在想到这个的时候， 想想还在伊拉克之类地方的那些青年男女们， 他们的血正洒在沙子里
38.And ask yourself what is their last thought of home?
问问自己他们对家的最后的记忆的什么？
39.I hope it’s not the curb cut between the Chuck E. Cheese and the Target store!
我可不希望是查克芝士店和Target商店间的路牙子！
40.Because that’s not good enough for Americans to be spilling their blood for. (Applause) We need better places in this country.
因为那不值得美国人为之洒热血（掌声） 这个国家必须有更好的公共空间
41.Public space. This is a good public space.
公共空间，这就是个不错的例子
42.It’s a place worth caring about. It’s well defined.
它值得我们爱护，有意义，
43.It is emphatically an outdoor public room.
它是一个强有力的室外房间
44.It has something that is terribly important — it has what’s called an active and permeable membrane around the edge.
最重要的是—— 它包着一层所谓的活跃的、可渗透的薄膜
45.That’s a fancy way of saying it’s got shops, bars, bistros, destinations — — things go in and out of it. It’s permeable.
就是说，周围有商店、酒吧、小酒馆、各种去处—— ——人们进进出出。随时可以融入
46.The beer goes in and out, the waitresses go in and out, and that activates the center of this place and makes it a place that people want to hang out in.
啤酒端进端出，服务生进进出出， 这些将这个地方激活，让人们喜欢上那儿待着
47.You know, in these places in other cultures, people just go there voluntarily because they like them.
在其他文明中的这类地方， 人们自愿去那儿，因为他们喜欢这些地方
48.We don’t have to have a craft fair here to get people to come here. (Laughter) You know, you don’t have to have a Kwanzaa festival.
我们不需要在这儿办个手工艺品展览吸引人们来（笑） 也不必举行宽扎节
49.People just go because it’s pleasurable to be there.
人们自然回去，因为待在那儿是种享受
50.But this is how we do it in the United States.
这个是在我们美国的公共空间
51.Probably the most significant public space failure in America, designed by the leading architects of the day, Harry Cobb and I.M. Pei:
可能是美国最著名的失败的公共空间典型， 由当代著名设计师设计，哈里·考铂和贝聿铭：
52.Boston City Hall Plaza.
波士顿市政大厅广场
53.A public place so dismal that the winos don’t even want to go there. (Laughter) And we can’t fix it because I.M. Pei’s still alive,
这样阴沉的地方连酒鬼都不想去（笑） 我们不能改进它，因为贝聿铭还活着呢
54.and every year Harvard and M.I.T. have a joint committee to repair it.
每年哈弗和麻省理工组织一个联合委员会试图修整它
55.And every year they fail to, because they don’t want to hurt I.M. Pei’s feelings.
而每年他们都失败了，因为他们不想伤了贝聿铭的心
56.This is the other side of the building.
这是建筑的另一边
57.This was the winner of an international design award in, I think, 1966, something like that.
这是一个国际设计比赛的获奖作品，我想，好像是1966年
58.It wasn’t Pei and Cobb, another firm designed this.
并不是贝和考铂，而是另一间公司的设计
59.But there’s not enough Prozac in the world to make people feel OK about going down this block.
但是世界上没有足够的百忧解（治疗抑郁症的药物）能化解走过这个街区的沉重
60.This is the back of Boston City Hall, the most important, you know, significant civic building in Albany — excuse me — in Boston.
这是波士顿市政厅的背面 最著名的，奥尔巴尼——不好意思——波士顿最重要的城市建筑
61.And what is the message that is coming — what are the vocabularies and grammars that are coming from this building and how is it informing us about who we are?
它传递了什么信息？ 什么样的词汇、语法？ 它在怎样告诉我们“我们是谁？”
62.This, in fact, would be a better building if we put mosaic portraits of Josef Stalin, Pol Pot, Saddam Hussein, and all the other great despots of the 20th century on the side of the building,
事实上，还不如挂上约瑟夫·斯大林，波尔布特和萨达姆·侯赛因 以及所有二十世纪暴君的马赛克肖像 挂在外墙上
63.because then we’d honestly be saying what the building is really communicating to us.
因为那样我们至少能真正感觉它对我们说些什么
64.You know, that it’s a despotic building; it wants us to feel like termites. (Laughter) This is it on a smaller scale.
你看，那真是一栋独裁者大楼 它想让我们觉得自己都是小白蚁（笑） 这里规模小点儿
65.The back of the civic center in my town, Saratoga Springs, New York.
这是我住的地方，纽约州萨拉托加矿泉城的市政厅背面
66.By the way, when I showed this slide to a group of Kiwanians in my town, they all rose in indignation from their creamed chicken. (Laughter)
顺便说一下，我把幻灯片给城里的一伙基瓦尼成员看过 他们都愤然地将注意力从奶油鸡肉上转移了过来（笑）
67.And they shouted at me and said, “It was raining that day when you took that picture!”
对我大叫说： “你拍照那天肯定下着雨！”
68.Because this was perceived to be a weather problem. (Laughter) You know, this is a building designed like a DVD player. (Laughter) Audio jack, power supply —
因为这竟然能被理解成了天气问题（笑） 这座建筑被设计得像台DVD机（笑） 音频插口，电源——
69.and look, you know these things are important architectural jobs for firms, right?
我们都认为这些对于建筑事务所来说是很重要的项目，对不？
70.You know, we hire firms to design these things.
我们雇佣一个公司来专门设计这些
71.You can see exactly what went on, three o’clock in the morning at the design meeting.
我们可以追踪工程进度：凌晨三点，设计讨论会上
72.You know, eight hours before deadline, four architects trying to get this building in on time, right?
还有八个小时就要交工 四位建筑师努力地在赶工期
73.And they’re sitting there at the long boardroom table with all the drawings, and the renderings, and all the Chinese food caskets are lying on the table, and —
坐在那儿，大长会议桌边上 到处都是草图和效果图 中餐外卖盒堆在桌上——
74.I mean, what was the conversation that was going on there? (Laughter) Because you know what the last word was, what the last sentence was of that meeting.
我很好奇，那儿在进行着什么样的对话呢？（笑） 因为你知道最后一个词儿是什么
75.It was: “Fuck it”. (Laughter) (Applause) That — that is the message of this form of architecture.
那个会议的最后一句话是：“去他妈的”。（笑+鼓掌??） 那就是这个建筑外观传达的讯息
76.The message is: We don’t give a fuck! We don’t give a fuck.
那条讯息是：去他妈的，我们也烦不了那么多了
77.So I went back on the nicest day of the year, just to — you know, just some reality testing.
我在天气特别不错的一天回去，只是想—— 你知道的，来点现状核实。
78.And in fact, he will not even go down there because — it’s not interesting enough for his clients, you know, the burglars, the muggers.
事实上，他根本不会去那儿，因为—— 因为对于他的客户来说那个地方太无趣了 你知道的，小偷啦，强盗啦
79.It’s not civically rich enough for them to go down there.
那儿太冷清了，他们没兴趣
80.OK.
好的
81.The pattern of Main Street USA — in fact, this pattern of building downtown blocks, all over the world, is fairly universal.
美国中心大街的模式 实际上，建造市中心街区的模式是相当全球性的
82.It’s not that complicated — buildings more than one story high, built out to the sidewalk edge, so that people who are — you know, all kinds of people can get into the building.
并不是那么复杂—— 多层、高层建筑建在人行道边上 所以人们——各种人都可以自由进出
83.Other activities are allowed to occur upstairs, you know, apartments, offices, and so on.
其它活动可以在楼上进行 也就是办公室、公寓等等
84.You make provision for this activity called shopping on the ground floor.
在一层为一种叫“购物”的活动提供条件
85.They haven’t learned that in Monterey.
蒙特里没有采用这一模式
86.If you go out to the corner right at the main intersection right in front of this conference center, you’ll see an intersection with four blank walls on every corner.
如果你走到这个会议中心前的主路口处的那个拐角， 你就会发现路口的每个角上都有四面空白墙
87.It’s really incredible.
真是神奇
88.Anyway, this is how you compose and assemble a downtown business building, and this is what happened when in Glens Falls, New York,
总之，这就是如何构造和展示市中心商业楼的方法 这也是纽约洲格伦斯福尔斯的做法
89.when we tried to do it again, where it was missing, right?
我们想要复制它，因为它很不错，对吗？
90.So the first thing they do is they pop up the retail a half a story above grade to make it sporty.
他们首先把零售店台高了半层，上去还要费神儿
91.OK. That completely destroys the relationship between the business and the sidewalk, where the theoretical pedestrians are. (Laughter)
好，那完全毁掉了商店和虚拟行人走的 人行道的关系（笑）
92.Of course, they’ll never be there, as long as this is in that condition.
当然，只要保持这个状况，行人是永远也不会来的
93.Then because the relationship between the retail is destroyed, we pop a handicapped ramp on that, and then to make ourselves feel better, we put a nature Band-Aid in front of it
行人和商店的关系被毁了， 我们就建一条方便残疾人的斜坡 为了让自己感觉好点儿，我们再在前面贴上一条天然创口贴
94.And that’s how we do it.
就是那么干的。
95.I call them “nature Band-Aids” because there’s a general idea in America that the remedy for mutilated urbanism is nature.
我把它们叫做“天然创口贴”因为在美国，普遍看法是 补救失败城市的良方是自然。
96.And in fact, the remedy for wounded and mutilated urbanism is good urbanism, good buildings.
事实上，真正的良方应该是好的城市设计，好的建筑
97.Not just flower beds, not just cartoons of the Sierra Nevada mountains.
而不只是花坛，不只是内华达山脉的卡通画
98.You know, that’s not good enough.
因为那些不够好
99.We have to do good buildings.
我们得建好的建筑
100.The street trees have really four jobs to do and that’s it.
行道树有四项职能，仅此而已：
101.To spatially denote the pedestrian realm, to protect the pedestrians from the vehicles in the carriageway, to filter the sunlight onto the sidewalk,
空间上划出人行道区域 保护好行人不受机动车道上车的影响 过滤照到人行道上的阳光
102.and to soften the hardscape of the buildings and to create a ceiling — a vaulted ceiling — over the street, at its best.
以及柔化建筑的人造生硬感 最好的话，形成一片天顶——一条街道上方的拱顶
103.And that’s it. Those are the four jobs of the street trees.
就是这样，这是行道树的四项作用
104.They’re not supposed to be a cartoon of the North Woods; they’re not supposed to be a set for “The Last of the Mohicans.”
它们不应该是北部森林的漫画； 也不是《最后的莫希干人》的布景
105.You know, one of the problems with the fiasco of suburbia is that it destroyed our understanding of the distinction between the country and the town, between the urban and the rural.
你知道吗，郊区的惨败最大的问题就是它毁掉了我们 对于乡村和城镇区别的界限，城市和田园的界限
106.They’re not the same thing.
它们不是同一物
107.And we’re not gonna cure the problems of the urban by dragging the country into the city, which is what a lot of us are trying to do all the time.
把乡村拉到城市里并不是解决问题的办法 而我们很多人一直以来都在这么做
108.Here you see on a small scale — the mothership has landed, R2-D2 and C-3PO have stepped out to test the bark mulch to see if they can inhabit this planet. (Laughter)
这是一个小规模的——母机登陆 R2-D2和C-3PO开始测试树皮覆盖物 看看能不能在这个星球上定居（笑）
109.A lot of this comes from the fact that the industrial city in America was such a trauma that we developed this tremendous aversion for the whole idea of the city,
这都是因为美国的工业化为我们带来如此大的伤害 以至于我们形成了对城市、城市生活、
110.city life, and everything connected with it.
以及相关一切的极大厌恶
111.And so what you see fairly early, in the mid-19th century, is this idea that we now have to have an antidote to the industrial city,
所以你可以看到早些时候，在19世纪中期 我们就要找到解决工业城市问题的解药
112.which is going to be life in the country for everybody.
那就是每个人都生活在乡间
113.And that starts to be delivered in the form of the railroad suburb: the country villa along the railroad line, which allows people to enjoy the amenity of the city,
这种想法是以铁路市郊的形式来实现的： 铁路沿线的乡村别墅， 可以让人们享受到城市的便捷设施的同时
114.but to return to the countryside every night.
能够每晚回到郊外
115.And believe me, there were no Wal-Marts or convenience stores out there then.
相信我，那时候那儿既没沃尔玛又没有便利店
116.So it really was a form of country living.
所以这是真正的乡居生活的一种方式
117.But what happens is, of course, it mutates over the next 80 years and it turns into something rather insidious.
但是接下来发生的是，我们都知道，接下来80年里就变异了 变成了相当阴险的状况
118.It becomes a cartoon of a country house, in a cartoon of the country.
变成了漫画乡间中的漫画乡间别墅
119.And that’s the great non-articulated agony of suburbia, and one of the reasons that it lends itself to ridicule.
那就是市郊最主要而又表达不清的困扰 也是它将自己变成笑柄的原因之一
120.Because it hasn’t delivered what it’s been promising for half a century now.
因为它并没有能够给予人们半个世纪以来向往的生活
121.And these are typically the kind of dwellings we find there, you know.
这些就是我们能在市郊找到的典型居所
122.Basically a house with nothing on the side, because this house wants to state, emphatically, “I’m a little cabin in the woods. There’s nothing on either side of me.
基本上是四周空无一物的房子 因为这栋房子想要发出明确声明： ”我是林子里的一间小屋。周围什么也没有。
123.I don’t have any eyes on the side of my head. I can’t see.”
我头上没长眼，我什么也看不见。”
124.So you have this one last facade of the house, the front, which is really a cartoon of a facade of a house.
所以你还剩下房子的最后一面， 前面，其实是漫画般的房子的正面