BillClinton_重建卢旺达【中英文对照】

1.I thought in getting up to my TED wish I would try to begin by putting in perspective what I try to do and how it fits with what they try to do.
在我正式阐述我的TED愿望之前， 我希望可以解释一下我的追求， 并点明我的追求是如何和这些人的追求联系在一起的。
2.We live in a world that everyone knows is interdependent, but insufficient in three major ways.
众所周知，我们生活在一个息息相关彼此依存的世界， 但却在三个主要的方面存在欠缺。
3.It is first of all, profoundly unequal.
首先，我们的世界是极其不平等的。
4.Half the world’s people still living on less than two dollars a day, a billion people with no access to clean water, two and a half billion no access to sanitation,
世界上一半人口的日均生活费用低于两美元， 十亿人无法获取洁净的用水， 二十五亿人没有基本的卫生系统，
5.a billion going to bed hungry every night.
十亿人每晚挨着饿睡觉。
6.One in four deaths every year from AIDS, TB, malaria and the variety of infections associated with dirty water — 80 percent of them under five years of age.
每四例死亡中，就有一例是因为艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾 以及其它脏水疾病所造成的疾病── 这其中百分之八十是不满五岁的孩子。
7.Even in wealthy countries it is common now to see inequality growing.
即使是在富裕的国家，与日俱增的贫富差距也是变得日渐明显。
8.In the United States, since 2001 we’ve had five years of economic growth, five years of productivity growth in the workplace, but median wages are stagnant and the percentage of working families
在美国，从2001年起，我们经历了连续五年的经济增长， 五年的生产力增长， 但工资中位数却是停滞不前，贫困线以下的工薪家庭
9.dropping below the poverty line is up by four percent.
的比例上升了百分之四。
10.The percentage of working families without health care up by four percent.
没有医疗保险的工薪家庭比例上升了百分之四。
11.So this interdependent world which has been pretty good to most of us — which is why we’re all here in Northern California doing what we do
现今这个彼此依存的世界对我们大多数人来讲都有好处， 这也就是为什么我们今晚可以齐聚北加州，享受生活，
12.for a living, enjoying this evening — is profoundly unequal.
但事实上，它极不平等。
13.It is also unstable.
与此同时，它又极不稳定。
14.Unstable because of the threats of terror, weapons of mass destruction, the spread of global disease and a sense that we are vulnerable to it in a way that we weren’t not so many years ago.
不稳定的原因是多样的：恐怖袭击的威胁、 大规模杀伤性武器、全球范围内的疾病扩散、 以及一种史无前例的脆弱感。
15.And perhaps most important of all, it is unsustainable because of climate change, resource depletion and species destruction.
但最重要的是，这个世界是不可持续的── 环境变化、资源匮竭、物种灭绝。
16.When I think about the world I would like to leave to my daughter and the grandchildren I hope to have, it is a world that moves away from unequal, unstable, unsustainable
每当我想到我的子孙后代 以及我想要留给他们的世界时， 我所想到的是一个从不平等、不稳定、不可持续的彼此依存
17.interdependence to integrated communities — locally, nationally and globally — that share the characteristics of all successful communities.
迈向地区、国家、全球间互相协调的世界， 一个拥有所有成功社会的特质的世界。
18.A  broadly shared, accessible set of opportunities, a shared sense of responsibility for the success of the common enterprise and a genuine sense of belonging.
充满了面向所有人的机遇， 以及为了人类的共同美好而努力的责任感， 还有真正意义上的归属感。
19.All easier said than done.
但这一切都是说起来容易做起来难。
20.When the terrorist incidents occurred in the United Kingdom a couple of years ago, I think even though they didn’t claim as many lives as we lost in the United States on 9/11,
当英国几年前遭受恐怖袭击的时候， 我意识到虽然他们当时丧失的生命并没有美国9-11袭击中的那么多，
21.I think the thing that troubled the British most was that the perpetrators were not invaders, but homegrown citizens whose religious and political identities were more important to them
但真正让英国人揪心担忧的是 当时的那些犯案者并不是外来的侵略者，而是本土的公民。 对这些人来说，他们的宗教信仰和政治理念
22.than the people they grew up with, went to school with, worked with, shared weekends with, shared meals with.
要比那些跟他们共同长大、一同吃饭、一起过周末的同学同事们 更加重要。
23.In other words, they thought their differences were more important than their common humanity.
换言之，他们认为人类彼此间的不同 要比我们共有的人性更加重要。
24.It is the central psychological plague of humankind in the 21st century.
这就是21世纪我们人类所面临的最主要的心理瘟疫。
25.Into this mix, people like us who are not in public office, have more power to do good than at any time in history, because more than half the world’s people
在这种状况下，我们这些不为公家工作的人 起到了史无前例的作用， 因为世界上一半以上的人口
26.live under governments they voted in and can vote out.
可以民主地选举或是罢免他们的政府。
27.And even non-democratic governments are more sensitive to public opinion.
即使是那些非民主的政府，也开始更加注重民意。
28.Because primarily of the power of the Internet, people of modest means can band together and amass vast sums of money that can change the world for some public good if they all agree.
再有，随着互联网的日趋强大， 手无寸铁的人们只要志同道合，便可以聚集起来 筹集大笔的善款改变世界、播撒善行。
29.When the tsunami hit South Asia, the United States contributed 1.2 billion dollars.
当大海啸袭击东南亚时，美国捐赠了十二亿美元。
30.30 percent of our households gave.
百分之三十的家庭参与了募捐。
31.Half of them gave over the Internet.
其中一半是通过互联网捐赠的。
32.The median contribution was somewhere around 57 dollars.
捐款的中位数是在57美元左右。
33.And thirdly, because of the rise of non-governmental organizations.
第三个原因则是因为非政府性组织的崛起。
34.They, businesses, other citizens’ groups, have enormous power to affect the lives of our fellow human beings.
他们──企业家、其他公民团体，拥有着巨大的力量 来改变人们的生活。
35.When I became president in 1993, there were none of these organizations in Russia.
当我在1993年刚当上总统的时候， 俄罗斯没有一个这样的组织机构。
36.There are now a couple of hundred thousand.
现在却有十几万个。
37.None in India. There are now at least a half a million active.
印度当时一个都没有。现在却至少有五十万个。
38.None in China. There are now 250,000 registered with the government, probably twice again that many who are not registered for political reasons.
中国当时一个都没有。现在却有二十五万个已经在政府注册， 如果我们算上那些因为政治原因没有在政府注册的机构，这个数字可能要翻倍。
39.When I organized my foundation, and I thought about the world as it is and the world that I hope to leave to the next generation, and I tried to be realistic about what I had cared about all my life
当我刚成立我的基金会的时候，我想到了我们现今的世界 以及我希望留给下一代的世界， 我尽可能地做到切合实际，追求我生命中真正关心
40.that I could still have an impact on.
并且依靠我的微薄之力可以产生一些影响的事业。
41.I wanted to focus on activities that would help to alleviate poverty, fight disease, combat climate change, bridge the religious, racial and other divides that torment the world,
我希望可以卯足力气专门鼓舞如下的几项活动── 缓解贫穷、铲除疾病、阻止气候变化、 化解宗教、种族以及其他种种折磨世界的隔阂。
42.but to do it in a way that would either use whatever particular skills we could put together in our group to change the way some public good function was performed
而开展这些活动的方式则是通过将我们已有的各项技能 运用到我们的团队中 来改变一些公益活动运行的方式
43.so that it would sweep across the world more.
以求惠及世界的每个角落。
44.You saw one reference to that in what we were able to do with AIDS drugs.
其中的一个例子就是我们对艾滋药物所做的改变。
45.And I want to say that the head of our AIDS effort, and the person who also is primarily active in the wish I’ll make tonight, Ira Magaziner, is here with me and I want to thank him for everything he’s done.
在这里，我想提到我们艾滋病团队的领导者 并且对我今晚所要许下的愿景起着关键作用的Ira Magaziner 就在现场。我要感谢他所做的一切。
46.He’s over there.
他就坐在那边。
47.(Applause) When I got out of office and was asked to work, first in the Caribbean, to try to help deal with the AIDS crisis, generic drugs were available for about 500 dollars a person a year.
（掌声） 当我刚刚离职时，被邀请到加勒比海 去帮忙解决当地的艾滋危机。 当时那里治疗艾滋病的非名牌药物的价钱大概是每人每年500美元。
48.If you bought them in vast bulks, you could get them at a little under 400 dollars.
如果你大量购买的话， 要花400美元不到。
49.The first country we went to work in, the Bahamas, was paying 3,500 dollars for these drugs.
我们当时去的第一个国家，巴哈马群岛 那里的药物价格高达三千五百美元。
50.The market was so terribly disorganized that they were buying this medicine through two agents who were gigging them sevenfold.
当地的药物市场极其混乱， 病人不得不经过两层的代理商才能买到药物， 药物的价格因此被哄抬七倍。
51.So the very first week we were working, we got the price down to 500 dollars.
而在我们开始工作的第一个星期， 就成功地把药物的价格降低到了五百美元。
52.And all of a sudden, they could save seven times as many lives for the same amount of money.
突然间，他们可以利用同样的财力资源 来拯救七倍的生命。
53.Then we went to work with the manufacturers of AIDS medicines, one of whom was cited in the film, and negotiated a whole different change in business strategy.
随后我们又开始和艾滋药物的制造商合作， 影片中提到了其中的一位。 我们和他们协调磋商，希望可以发展一套全新的商业策略。
54.Because even at 500 dollars, these drugs were being sold on a high-margin, low-volume, uncertain-payment basis.
因为即使是在500美元的价格，这些药物的销售仍旧是 高利润、低销量，外加上不稳定的付款。
55.So we worked on improving the productivity of the operations and the supply chain, and went to a low-margin, high-volume, absolutely certain-payment business.
所以我们加强提高了他们营销和供应的生产力， 构建了一个薄利多销、付款稳定的 商业模式。
56.I joked that the main contribution we made to the battle against AIDS was to get the manufacturers to change from a jewelry store to a grocery store strategy.
我曾开玩笑的说道，我们对于这场艾滋战役 所做出的最重要的贡献，就是说服药物厂商放弃珠宝店的经营模式， 转而投靠杂货店的商业策路。
57.But the price went to 140 dollars from 500.
但药物价钱则是从500美元降低到140美元，
58.And pretty soon, the average price was 192 dollars.
不久后，平均价钱稳定在192美元。
59.Now we can get it for about 100 dollars.
现在我们只需大概100美元便可得到这些药物。
60.Children’s medicine was 600 dollars, because nobody could afford to buy any of it.
儿童药物当时的价钱是600美元， 因为没有人可以承担得起。
61.We negotiated it down to 190.
我们通过协商，将价钱降到190美元。
62.Then, the French imposed their brilliantly conceived airline tax to create a something called UNITAID, got a bunch of other countries to help.
法国人还颁布了他们别具匠心的航空税， 创办了UNITAID， 说服了一些其他的国家共同参与帮助。
63.Children’s medicine is now 60 dollars a person a year.
现在儿童药物的人均价钱是每年60美元。
64.The only thing that is keeping us from basically saving the lives of everybody who needs the medicine to stay alive are the absence of systems necessary to diagnose, treat and care
而我们拯救生命、将药物传递给那些需要的人的梦想 只剩下最后的一个阻隔， 那就是体制的欠缺。我们缺少一个可以诊察、治疗、运送药物
65.for people and deliver this medicine.
的体制。
66.We started a childhood obesity initiative with the Heart Association in America.
我们曾和美国心脏协会合作，提出了一项减少儿童肥胖的倡议。
67.We tried to do the same thing by negotiating industry-right deals with the soft drink and the snack food industry to cut the caloric
我们也尝试将同样的理念传达给那些饮料、零食的厂商， 通过协调磋商，来降低学校食物中
68.and other dangerous content of food going to our children in the schools.
卡路里的含量以及其他不健康的物质。
69.We just reorganized the markets.
我们因此重新整顿了市场。
70.And it occurred to me that in this whole non-governmental world, somebody needs to be thinking about organizing public goods markets.
我也意识到，在现今这个非政府性的世界里， 我们需要一些人，来想办法打开公共产品的市场。
71.And that is now what we’re trying to do, and working with this large cities group to fight climate change to negotiate huge, big, volume deals that will enable cities
而这正是我们当下所要做的事情。 通过和大城市中各组织的合作，来共同阻止气候变化， 开展谈判，敦促这些
72.which generate 75 percent of the world’s greenhouse gases to drastically and quickly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a way that is good economics.
排放世界上百分之七十五温室气体的大城市 采取极端快速的手段，以一种从经济学的角度来看行得通的方式， 来减少温室气体的排放。
73.And this whole discussion as if it’s some sort of economic burden, is a mystery to me.
而人们为什么会把这一切当做是某种经济负担 对我来讲是个不解的谜团。
74.I think it’s a bird’s nest on the ground.
我觉得减少温室气体将会产生巨大的利益。
75.When Al Gore won his well-deserved Oscar for the “Inconvenient Truth” movie, I was thrilled, but I had urged him to make a second movie quickly.
当Al Gore（戈尔，克林期的美国副总统）的影片《难以忽视的真相》 众望所归地夺得奥斯卡时，我是无比兴奋的。 但我也督促他抓紧时间来拍摄另一部电影。
76.For those of you who saw “An Inconvenient Truth,”
如果你看过《难以忽视的真相》，你应该知道
77.the most important slide in the Gore lecture is the last one, which shows here’s where greenhouse gases are going if we don’t do anything, here’s where they could go.
戈尔的整个演讲中最重要的一张幻灯片是最后一张， 它展示了如果我们什么都不做的话，温室气体排放的走向（上升） 以及温室气体排放应该达到的走向（下降）。
78.And then there are six different categories of things we can do to change the trajectory.
我们一共可以做六项事情 来改变温室气体排放的走向。
79.We need a movie on those six categories.
我们需要一部电影来详解这六项事情。
80.And all of you need to have it embedded in your brains and to organize yourselves around it.
而你们所有人都应该将其铭记于心， 并依据它组织管理自己。
81.So we’re trying to do that.
所以这就是我们当前正在努力做的事情之一──
82.So organizing these markets is one thing we try to do.
建立这些公益市场。
83.Now we have taken on a second thing, and this gets to my wish.
而我们正在做的另一件事情是和我的愿望相关的。
84.It has been my experience in working in developing countries that while the headlines may all be — the pessimistic headlines may say,
根据我以往在发展中国家工作的经验， 虽然报纸头条，至少那些悲观的报纸头条，总是说
85.well, we can’t do this or the other thing because of corruption, I think incapacity is a far bigger problem in poor countries than corruption,
我们无法做这个、不能做那个，因为腐败泛滥， 但我却觉得在贫穷国家，比腐败更严重的问题是无能，
86.and feeds corruption.
无能滋养着腐败。
87.We now have the money, given these low prices, to distribute AIDS drugs all over the world to people we cannot presently reach.
我们现在有足够的财力资源，将这些低价位的艾滋药物 分给世界上那些我们现今还无法接触到的人们。
88.Today these low prices are available in the 25 countries where we work, and in a total of 62 countries.
现如今，这些低价位药品可以在62个国家买到， 其中25个是我们工作的国家。
89.And about 550,000 people are getting the benefits of them.
大概有五十五万人因此而收益。
90.But the money is there to reach others.
但就算我们有这些财力来帮助人们，
91.The systems are not there to reach the people.
却没有相应的体制将这些利益传递给他们。
92.So what we have been trying to do, working first in Rwanda and then in Malawi and other places — but I want to talk about Rwanda tonight —
对此，我们所做的尝试是── 先在卢旺达，随后在马拉维和其他地区工作， 但我今晚主要想谈谈卢旺达──
93.is to develop a model for rural health care in a very poor area that can be used to deal with AIDS, TB, malaria, other infectious diseases,
我们正尝试着发展一个在贫困地区可行的乡村医疗模型， 用来解决艾滋、肺结核、疟疾、其他传染性疾病、
94.maternal and child health, and a whole range of health issues poor people are grappling with in the developing world, that can first be scaled for the whole nation of Rwanda,
母子健康、以及其他一系列发展中国家的贫困人口 正努力应付的医疗问题。 我们希望这个模式可以首先普及到卢旺达全国，
95.and then will be a model that could literally be implemented in any other poor country in the world.
随后可以推广到 世界上每一个贫困的国家。
96.And the test is: one, will it do the job, will it develop — provide high quality care?
而其所面临的考验则是：首先，这个模式能履行它的职责吗？ 能发展提供高质量的医疗保健吗？
97.And two, will it do it at a price that will enable the country to sustain a health care system without foreign donors after five to 10 years?
其次，这一切可以在一个低价的前提下完成吗？ 可以帮助贫困国家在五至十年后脱离国际援助， 建立一个自给自足的医疗体系吗？
98.Because the longer I deal with these problems, the more convinced I am that we have to — whether it’s economics, health, education, whatever —
我和这些问题打交道的时间越长， 就越坚信：我们必须── 不管是经济、医疗、教育还是其他的方面──
99.we have to build systems.
我们都必须建立好的体制。
100.And the absence of systems that function break the connection which got you all in this seat tonight.
而体制的欠缺 足以摧毁让你们今晚得以坐在这里的联系。
101.You think about whatever your life has been, however many obstacles you have faced in your life, at critical junctures you always knew
回头想想你的人生 以及你人生中所面临的种种挑战， 在人生中关键的分叉口，你总是知道
102.there was a predictable connection between the effort you exerted and the result you achieved.
你的付出与你的收获之间 有着一种可以预知的联系。
103.In a world with no systems, with chaos, everything becomes a guerilla struggle, and this predictability is not there.
而在一个没有系统的混乱世界里， 一切都将变成游击队般的挣扎， 所谓的预知性也自然是不复存在了。
104.And it becomes almost impossible to save lives, educate kids, develop economies, whatever.
而拯救生命、教育儿童、发展经济 等等梦想都将因此而变得不可能。
105.The person, in my view, who has done the best job of this in the health care area, of building a system in a very poor area is Dr. Paul Farmer,
在我看来， 在为贫困地区建造医疗保健这一领域 最为成功的人士就是 Paul Farmer （保罗·法默医师）。
106.who many of you know, has worked for now 20 years with his group, Partners in Health, primarily in Haiti where he started.
你们中的很多人可能听说过他。在过往二十年里， 他和他的团队Partners in Health（健康伙伴）主要是在海地工作。
107.But they’ve also worked in Russia, in Peru and other places around the world.
但他们也曾在其他地方工作过， 比如俄罗斯和秘鲁。
108.As poor as Haiti is, in the area where Farmer’s clinic is active — and they serve a catchment area far greater than the medical professionals they have would indicate they could serve —
尽管海地是一贫如洗——而且法默医师的诊所 所覆盖的治疗区域 要远远超过他们的医疗队伍所能承受的范围——
109.since 1988, they have not lost one person to tuberculosis, not one.
尽管如此，自从1988年起，他们手下的病患中，没有一个人死于肺结核。没有一个人。
110.And they’ve achieved a lot of other amazing health results.
除此之外，他们也取得了很多其他了不起的医疗成就。
111.So when we decided to work in Rwanda on trying to dramatically increase the income of the country and fight the AIDS problem, we wanted to build a healthcare network,
因此，当我们决定在卢旺达工作， 打算大幅度地增加这个国家的收入并且抗击艾滋所带来的问题时， 我们想到的是建立一个医疗保健体系，
112.because it had been totally destroyed during the genocide in 1994, and the per capita income was still under a dollar a day.
因为卢旺达的医疗体系在1994年的种族屠杀中被彻底摧毁， 人均收入仍旧是每天不足一美元。
113.So I rang up, asked Paul Farmer if he would help.
所以我打电话给保罗·法默医师，问他是否可以帮助我。
114.Because it seemed to me if we could prove there was a model in Haiti and a model in Rwanda that we could then take all over the country,
因为当时在我看来，如果我们可以证实有这样的一个体系 既可以在海地落实也可以在卢旺达全国性地落实，
115.number one, it would be a wonderful thing for a country that has suffered as much as any on Earth in the last 15 years, and number two, we would have something that could then be adapted
那么我们就可以， 其一，为这个在过往15年里遭遇了难以想象的磨难的国家 做一件善事， 其二，我们将拥有一套可以应用在