VilayanurRamachandran_通往心灵中央的旅程【中英文对照】

1.Well, as Chris pointed out, I study the human brain — the functions and structure of the human brain.
是的，就如克里斯指出的，我研究人的大脑– 人类大脑的功能和结构。
2.And I just want you to think for a minute about what this entails.
我想给大家用一分钟的时间想一下这意味着什么
3.Here is this mass of jelly — three pound mass of jelly you can hold in the palm of your hand, and it can contemplate the vastness of interstellar space.
这是一个硕大的果冻状的物质 – 三英镑质量 你可以把它放在你的手掌里， 它能思考浩瀚的星际空间，
4.It can contemplate the meaning of infinity and it can contemplate itself contemplating on the meaning of infinity.
它可以思考“无限”的含义， 以及思考它本身去理解“无限”的含义。
5.And this peculiar recursive quality that we call self-awareness, which I think is the Holy Grail of neuroscience, of neurology, and hopefully, someday, we’ll understand how that happens.
这种独特的自省的特质我们称为自我意识。 我认为这就是神经系统科学和神经病学的“圣杯”， 但愿有一天，我们能够明白这是怎么产生的。
6.OK, so how do you study this mysterious organ?
好的，那么你要怎么研究这个神秘的器官呢？
7.I mean you have 100 billion nerve cells, little wisps of protoplasm, interacting with each other, and from this activity emerges the whole spectrum of abilities
我的意思是说你有1000亿个神经元细胞， (每个是)一小束原生质,它们相互作用, 从这些活动中，迸发出一系列的能力
8.that we call human nature and human consciousness.
我们称为人性和人的意识。
9.How does this happen?
这是怎么产生的呢?
10.Well, there are many ways of approaching the functions of the human brain.
嗯，我们可以用很多方法去研究人脑的功能。
11.One approach, the one we use mainly, is to look at patients with sustained damage to a small region of the brain, where there’s been a genetic change in a small region of the brain.
其中的一个方法，我们所采用的主要的方法， 是观察大脑中一小部分区域遭受持续性损伤的病人， 这部分区域已经发生了一种遗传学改变。
12.What then happens is not an across-the-board reduction in all your mental capacities, a sort of blunting of your cognitive ability.
这发生的不是全面性丧失 所有的心智能力, 换句话说是一种使认知能力迟钝的情况.
13.What you get is a highly selective loss of one function with other functions being preserved intact, and this gives you some confidence in asserting
这是一种特定功能的丧失 而其他功能则完好无损。 这让你能自信地说：
14.that that part of the brain is somehow involved in mediating that function.
那个区域以某种方式在那个功能的运作中起到作用。
15.So you can then map function onto structure, and then find out what the circuitry’s doing to generate that particular function.
这样你就能将功能映射到结构上去， 并找出这部分神经回路是如何产生 这个特定的功能的。
16.So that’s what we’re trying to do.
这就是我们想做的事。
17.So let me give you a few striking examples of this.
就让我向诸位展示几个惊人的例子。
18.In fact, I’m giving you three examples, six minutes each, during this talk.
事实上，在这个演讲中，我要给出三个例子，每个6分钟。
19.The first example is an extraordinary syndrome called Capgras syndrome.
第一个例子是一种称为“卡普格拉斯综合症”(Capgras Syndrome)的罕见综合症。
20.If you look at the first slide there, that’s the temporal lobes, frontal lobes, parietal lobes, OK — the lobes that constitute the brain.
请看那边的第一个幻灯片， 图中显示的是颞叶(temporal lobes)、额叶(frontal lobes)和顶叶(parietal lobes)。 够成大脑的脑叶。
21.And if you look, tucked away inside the inner surface of the temporal lobes — you can’t see it there — is a little structure called the fusiform gyrus.
你再看看，折叠在颞叶的皮层内部的部分 你在图中看不见的 是一种称为梭状回(fusiform gyrus)的微小结构。
22.And that’s been called the face area in the brain because when it’s damaged, you can no longer recognize people’s faces.
它被称为脑的“脸部区域”， 因为如果这个区域遭受损伤，你就无法再识别人们的面孔了。
23.You can still recognize them from their voice and say, oh yeah, that’s Joe, but you can’t look at their face and know who it is, right?
你仍然能够通过嗓音识别他人， 并且说，“哦，对了，这是乔”， 但你没法看着别人的脸认出这是谁，对吧？
24.You can’t even recognize yourself in the mirror.
你就连镜子里的自己都认不出来了。
25.I mean, you know it’s you because you wink and it winks, and you know it’s a mirror, but you don’t really recognize yourself as yourself.
我的意思是说，当你对着镜子眨眼时，你依然知道那人在眨眼， 而且你知道那是在镜子里， 但却真的识别不出那个人就是你自己。
26.OK. Now that syndrome is well known as caused by damage to the fusiform gyrus.
好，现在这种梭状回损伤导致的疾病是众所周知的了。
27.But there’s another rare syndrome, so rare, in fact, that very few physicians have heard about it, not even neurologists.
但还有一种罕见的综合症，非常罕见，事实上， 连医生都很少知道，甚至于神经病学家。
28.This is called the Capgras delusion, and that is a patient who’s otherwise completely normal has had a head injury, comes out of coma,
它名叫“卡普格拉斯错觉”(Capgras Delusion), 即一个原本完全正常的病患 遭受了头部损伤，从昏迷中醒来，
29.otherwise completely normal, he looks at his mother and says, “This looks exactly like my mother, this woman, but she’s an impostor —
原本完全正常的病患,他看着自己的母亲 并且说，“这人看上去跟我母亲一模一样，这个女人， 但她是个假冒的，
30.she’s some other woman pretending to be my mother.”
是个假装成我母亲的女人”。
31.Now, why does this happen?
为什么会这样呢？
32.Why would somebody — and this person is perfectly lucid and intelligent in all other respects, but when he sees his mother, his delusion kicks in and says it’s not mother.
为什么这个人完全清醒和理智, 在所有其它方面，但当他看见他母亲时， 他的错觉就出现，并说“这不是我母亲”。
33.Now, the most common interpretation of this, which you find in all the psychiatry text books, is a Freudian view, and that is that this chap —
现在，对此最常见的解释是， 你可以在所有的精神病学的教科书找到， 是弗洛伊德式的观点，那就是：当这个小伙子
34.and the same argument applies to women by the way, but I’ll just talk about guys — when you’re a little baby, a young baby, you had a strong sexual attraction to your mother.
顺便提一句，女性也得有这种病的 但我只说男的好了 当你还是个婴儿，一个很小的婴儿的时候， 你对母亲有种很强烈的性吸引。
35.This is the so-called Oedipus complex of Freud.
这就是所谓的“俄狄浦斯”(Oedipus)恋母情结。
36.I’m not saying I believe this, but this is the standard Freudian view.
我没说我相信这个， 但标准的弗洛伊德观点就是这样的。
37.And then as you grow up, the cortex develops, and inhibits these latent sexual urges towards your mother.
长大后，你的皮层生长发育， 抑制了对母亲的潜在性欲。
38.Thank God, or you would all be sexually aroused when you saw your mother.
感谢上帝，否则每次你看到你母亲的时候会唤起你的性欲。
39.And then what happens is, there’s a blow to your head, damaging the cortex, allowing these latent sexual urges to emerge, flaming to the surface, and suddenly and inexplicably
接下来，所发生的是， 头部的击打损伤了皮层， 把潜在的性冲动释放， 释放到了表层。突然间，莫名其妙地，
40.you find yourself being sexually aroused by your mother.
你觉得自己对母亲产生了性欲。
41.And you say, “My God, if this is my mom, how come I’m being sexually turned on?
于是你想：“天啊，这是我妈， 我怎么可能会觉得性冲动？
42.She’s some other woman. She’s an impostor.”
她一定是别的女人，是个假冒的。”
43.It’s the only interpretation that makes sense to your damaged brain.
对你受损伤的大脑来说只有这解释才说的通。
44.This has never made much sense to me, this argument.
我从来不觉得这样的论辩有道理。
45.It’s very ingenious, as all Freudian arguments are — (Laughter) — but didn’t make much sense because I have seen the same delusion,
尽管像弗洛伊德的其它论辩一样，它非常巧妙。 (众笑) 但我觉得它没道理，是因为我见过同样的错觉，
46.a patient having the same delusion about his pet poodle.
有一病患对他的贵宾犬有同样的错觉。
47.(Laughter) He’ll say, “Doctor, this is not Fifi, it looks exactly like Fifi, but it’s some other dog.” Right?
(众笑) 他说：“大夫，这不是菲菲，它看上去跟菲菲一个样， 但它是另一条狗”。对吧？
48.Now, you try using the Freudian explanation there.
现在请你用弗洛伊德的理论解释解释看。
49.(Laughter) You’ll start talking about the latent bestiality in all humans, or some such thing, which is quite absurd of course.
(众笑) 你将开始讨论有关人类潜在的恋兽性 或类似的事情，这当然是相当荒谬的。
50.Now, what’s really going on?
实际是怎么回事呢？
51.So to explain this curious disorder, we look at the structure and functions of the normal visual pathways in the brain.
为了解释这种奇怪的疾病， 我们来看看正常人脑视觉通路的结构和功能。
52.Normally, visual signals come in, into the eyeballs, go to the visual areas in the brain.
通常来说，视觉信号通过眼球 进入脑中的视觉区域
53.There are in fact 30 areas in the back of your brain concerned with just vision, and after processing all that, the message goes to a small structure
事实上脑后部有30个负责处理视觉信号的区域， 然后，通过处理所有的这些，信号进入一种微小结构
54.called the fusiform gyrus, where you perceive faces.
它称为“梭状回”，在那里感知到面部图像。
55.There are neurons there that are sensitive to faces.
那里有对面部感知的神经元。
56.You can call it the face area of the brain, right?
你可以称它为“大脑的面部区”。对吧?
57.I talked about that earlier.
我之前谈及过.
58.Now, when that area’s damaged, you lose the ability to see faces, right?
那个区域一旦损坏，你就失去了识别面孔的能力。对吧?
59.But from that area, the message cascades into a structure called the amygdala in the limbic system, the emotional core of the brain,
但神经信号还会从那个区域通过， 到达边缘系统中称为杏仁核(amygdala)的区域， 那是脑的情绪核心。
60.and that structure, called the amygdala, gauges the emotional significance of what you’re looking at.
那个结构称为杏仁核(amygdala), 它判断你所看见的物体在情绪上的重要性.
61.Is it prey? Is it predator? Is it mate?
那是猎物，是捕食者，是配偶，
62.Or is it something absolutely trivial, like a piece of lint, or a piece of chalk, or a — I don’t want to point to that but — or a shoe, or something like that? OK?
还是完全无关紧要的东西。例如一个小线头, 或者一截粉笔,获者-我不想指出来了,但 或者是一只鞋,或者类似的东西.
63.Which you can completely ignore.
总之是你可以完全忽略的.
64.So if the amygdala is excited, and this is something important, the messages then cascade into the autonomic nervous system.
如果杏仁核变得兴奋，那么说明这是很重要的东西， 神经信号就会向下发送到自主神经系统.
65.Your heart starts beating faster, you start sweating to dissipate the heat that you’re going to exert — create from muscular exertion.
你的心跳开始加速， 你开始出汗以散热，你将紧张 由肌肉收缩产生.
66.And that’s fortunate, because we can put two electrodes on your palm and measure the change in skin resistance produced by sweating.
那是幸运的,因为我们可以把两个电极放在手掌上， 来测量汗液产生的皮肤电阻的变化.
67.So I can determine, when you’re looking at something, whether you’re excited or whether you’re aroused or not, OK?
这样我就能判断,当你看着什么东西的时候, 是兴奋，被唤起，还是没有反应了。对吧?
68.And I’ll get to that in a minute.
而我就可以在短时间内知道.
69.So my idea was, when this chap looks at an object, when he looks at his — any object for that matter, it goes to the visual areas and —
我的想法是：当这小伙子看着某个物体时，当他看着他的… 任何有关系的物体,信号到达视觉区,并且…
70.however, and it’s processed in the fusiform gyrus, and you recognize it as a pea plant, or a table, or your mother for that matter, OK?
也就是说,进入梭状回处理 你就认出了这件物体是一棵豌豆,一张桌子, 或者是你的母亲,那是有关系的.对吧?
71.And then the message cascades into the amygdala, and then goes down the autonomic nervous system.
接着,信号就传到杏仁核, 再往下传递到自主神经系统。
72.But maybe in this chap, that wire that goes from the amygdala to the limbic system — the emotional core of the brain — is cut by the accident.
但或许在这小伙子的脑中，从杏仁核到边缘系统的线路 即到大脑中控制情绪的核心的线路, 被事故切断了。
73.So because the fusiform is intact, the chap can still recognize his mother, and says, “Oh yeah, this looks like my mother.”
由于梭状回是完整的， 小伙子还能够认出他母亲， 并且想，“是啊，这人看上去像我母亲”.
74.But because the wire is cut to the emotional centers, he says, “But how come, if it’s my mother, I don’t experience a warmth?”
但由于通往情绪中心的通路被切断了， 他就会想：“为什么我看见母亲时感觉不到温暖，
75.Or terror, as the case may be? Right?
或者,也许在这个案例中是恐惧,对吧?
76.(Laughter) And therefore, he says, “How do I account for this inexplicable lack of emotions?
(众笑) 于是他就想，”我怎样解释这种无法解释的情绪缺失呢？
77.This can’t be my mother.
这不可能是我的母亲。
78.It’s some strange woman pretending to be my mother.”
而是某个奇怪的女人假装是我的母亲。”
79.How do you test this?
你要怎么验证这个呢？
80.Well, what you do is, if you take any one of you here, and put you in front of a screen, and measure your galvanic skin response, and show pictures on the screen,
你要做的是，如果你找来一个人，在他面前放一面屏幕， 一边测量他的皮肤电反应， 一边在屏幕上放图片给他看，
81.I can measure how you sweat when you see an object, like a table or an umbrella — of course, you don’t sweat.
我能测量你看见一个物体出汗的情况， 比如一张桌子或一把伞时，当然你不会出汗，
82.If I show you a picture of a lion, or a tiger, or a pin-up, you start sweating, right?
如果我给你看狮子，老虎或性感女郎海报的照片，你会开始出汗。对吧？
83.And, believe it or not, if I show you a picture of your mother — I’m talking about normal people — you start sweating.
信不信由你，如果我给你看你母亲的照片， 我说的是正常的人，你会开始流汗，
84.You don’t even have to be Jewish.
你甚至不用是个犹太人。
85.(Laughter) Now, what happens — what happens if you show this patient?
(众笑) 那么，当你向病人展示时，发生了什么事呢？
86.You take the patient and show him pictures on the screen and measure his galvanic skin response.
你向病人展示图片 并测量他的皮肤电反应
87.Tables and chairs and lint, nothing happens, as in normal people, but when you show him a picture of his mother, the galvanic skin response is flat.
看桌子，椅子，线头，没有反应，跟正常人一样； 当你给他看他母亲的相片， 皮肤电图像是平的，
88.There’s no emotional reaction to his mother because that wire going from the visual areas to the emotional centers is cut.
他对自己的母亲也没有情绪反应， 因为从视觉区通往情绪中心的线路被切断了。
89.So his vision is normal because the visual areas are normal, his emotions are normal — he’ll laugh, he’ll cry, so on and so forth —
他的视觉没有问题，因为视觉区是正常的， 他的情绪反应也没有问题，他会哭会笑，等等
90.but the wire from vision to emotions is cut and therefore he has this delusion that his mother is an impostor.
但是从视觉到情绪的线路却断了， 因此，他有了这个母亲是冒牌货的错觉。
91.It’s a lovely example of the sort of thing we do, take a bizarre, seemingly incomprehensible, neural psychiatric syndrome and say that the standard Freudian view is wrong,
我们所作的这类事情是个生动的例子， 把这种奇怪的、表面看似无法理解的神经－精神病症状 认为是正统弗洛伊德观点是错误的
92.that in fact you can come up with a precise explanation in terms of the known neural anatomy of the brain.
实际上你可以找到一个精确的解释， 从已知的大脑神经解剖的角度。
93.By the way, if this patient then goes, and mother phones from an adjacent room — phones him — and he picks up the phone, and he says, “Wow, Mom, how are you? Where are you?”
顺便说一下，如果这病人之后去， 母亲从相邻的房间打电话给他， 他会拿起电话说：“哇，妈，您好不好？您在哪里？”
94.There’s no delusion through the phone.
通过电话就不产生错觉了。
95.Then she approaches him after an hour, he says, “Who are you?
但一个小时候当母亲走到面前，他会问：“你是谁?”
96.You look just like my mother.” OK?
“你看起来像我母亲”
97.The reason is there’s a separate pathway going from the hearing centers in the brain to the emotional centers, and that’s not been cut by the accident.
原因是有另一条通路 从脑的听觉中心通往情绪中心. 事故并没有切断那条通路.
98.So this explains why through the phone he recognizes his mother, no problem.
这就解释了为什么他能通过电话认出自己的母亲，没问题
99.When he sees her in person, he says it’s an impostor.
但当他看到母亲本人，却说那是假冒者。
100.OK, how is all this complex circuitry set up in the brain?
好了，脑中为什么会有如此复杂的回路呢？
101.Is it nature, genes, or is it nurture?
是自然、基因、还是养育的作用？
102.And we approach this problem by considering another curious syndrome called phantom limb.
我们来试图解答这个问题, 通过研究另一奇怪的综合症,它名叫“幻肢”。
103.And you all know what a phantom limb is.
诸位都知道幻肢是什么。
104.When an arm is amputated, or a leg is amputated, for gangrene, or you lose it in war, for example, in the Iraq war — it’s now a serious problem —
当一条手臂被切除,或一条腿被切除，由于坏疽的原因， 或在在战争中失去，比如在伊拉克战争中， 现在这是一个严重的问题
105.you continue to vividly feel the presence of that missing arm, and that’s called a phantom arm or a phantom leg.
你依然能强烈地感受到那条已经失去的手臂的存在， 那就称为幻臂(phantom arm)或幻腿(phantom leg)。
106.In fact, you can get a phantom with almost any part of the body.
实际上，身体的任何部分都会产生幻肢现象。
107.Believe it or not, even with internal viscera.
信不信由你，即使内脏器官都不例外。
108.I’ve had patients with the uterus removed — hysterectomy — who have a phantom uterus, including phantom menstrual cramps at the appropriate time of the month.
我有位病人被摘除了子宫，子宫切除术(hysterectomy) 她得了幻子宫病，包括幻月经痛 在每个月适当的时候。
109.And in fact, one student asked me the other day, do they get phantom PMS?
事实上，有一天一个学生问我， 她们有没有幻经前综合症？
110.(Laughter) A subject ripe for scientific enquiry, but we haven’t pursued that.
(众笑) 倒是个不错的科研课题，但我们还没有研究那个。
111.OK, now the next question is, what can you learn about phantom limbs by doing experiments?
好了，接下来的问题是： 通过实验，你能从幻肢现象中学到什么？
112.One of the things we’ve found was, about half the patients with phantom limbs claim that they can move the phantom.
我们发现了一种现象是， 有一半幻肢的病人， 宣称自己能移动那条幻肢。
113.It’ll pat his brother on the shoulder, it’ll answer the phone when it rings, it’ll wave goodbye.
能用幻肢拍兄弟的肩膀， 能在电话铃响时拿起听筒、能挥手道别。
114.These are very compelling, vivid sensations.
他们有种十分强烈的活生生的感觉。
115.The patient’s not delusional.
病患不是在妄想。
116.He knows that the arm is not there but, nevertheless, it’s a compelling sensory experience for the patient.
他知道手臂已经不在了， 但感觉还是非常强烈。
117.But however, about half the patients, this doesn’t happen.
然而，病人中的另一半没有这种感觉。
118.The phantom limb — they’ll say, “But Doctor, the phantom limb is paralyzed.
这幻肢… 他们告诉我：“大夫，我的幻肢被麻痹了，
119.It’s fixed in a clenched spasm and it’s excruciatingly painful.
它固定在绷紧的痉挛的状态，难以忍受的疼痛。
120.If only I could move it, maybe the pain will be relieved.
如果我能移动它，疼痛或许就会减轻。“
121.Now, why would a phantom limb be paralyzed?
为什么幻肢会被麻痹呢？
122.It sounds like an oxymoron.
听上去自相矛盾。
123.But when we were looking at the case sheets, what we found was, these people with the paralyzed phantom limbs, the original arm was paralyzed because of the peripheral nerve injury,
当我们查看病例表时，我们发现， 这些感觉幻肢被麻痹的人， 他们的手臂原先曾被麻痹过，原因是周围神经受伤，
124.the actual nerve supplying the arm was severed, was cut, by say, a motorcycle accident.
控制手臂的神经被隔断， 被切断了，比如在一次车祸中。
125.So the patient had an actual arm, which is painful, in a sling for a few months, or a year, and then in a misguided attempt to get rid of the pain in the arm,
这个病患曾经真的有过一个手臂，很疼， 挂着绷带好几个月或一年，然后， 在一次错误的尝试中，为了消除手臂的疼痛的，
126.the surgeon amputates the arm, and then you get a phantom arm with the same pains, right?
外科医生做了截肢手术。 接下来，就有了条同样疼痛的幻肢。对吧？
127.And this is a serious clinical problem.
这可是个严重的临床问题。
128.Patients become depressed.
病人们变得心情沮丧，
129.Some of them are driven to suicide, OK?
导致有些人想自杀。
130.So how do you treat this syndrome?
那么你要怎么治疗这种综合症呢？
131.Now why do you get a paralyzed phantom limb?
为什么会有人觉得幻肢麻痹？
132.When I looked at the case sheet I found that they had an actual arm, and the nerves supplying the arm had been cut, and the actual arm had been paralyzed,
当我查看病历的时候，我发现他们有过真实的手臂， 控制手臂的神经被切断， 真实的手臂被麻痹了，
133.and lying in a sling for several months before the amputation, and this pain then gets carried over into the phantom itself.
在截肢前挂着绷带好几个月。 这种疼痛被带到了幻肢里。
134.Why does this happen?
为什么会这样呢？
135.When the arm was intact, but paralyzed, the brain sends commands to the arm, the front of the brain, saying “Move,”
当手臂完好但麻痹的时候， 大脑向手臂发送指令，前脑命令“移动”，
136.but it’s getting visual feedback saying “No.”
但视觉反馈却说“动不了”；
137.Move. No. Move. No. Move. No.
动―动不了―动―动不了…
138.And this gets wired into the circuitry of the brain, and we call this learned paralysis, OK?
这被固定在了脑的神经回路中， 我们把这叫做“习得行麻痹 ”（learned paralysis）。
139.The brain learns, because of this Hebbian associative link, that the mere command to move the arm creates a sensation of a paralyzed arm,
脑了解到，因为这种海伯联结 (Hebbian associative link), 使这个移动手臂的简单指令， 产生了手臂麻痹的感觉。
140.and then, when you’ve amputated the arm, this learned paralysis carries over into the — into your body image and into your phantom, OK?
接着，当你切断了手臂， 这种“习得行麻痹 ”进入了你的身体意象， 进入了你的幻肢。可以吧？
141.Now, how do you help these patients?
你要怎么帮助这些病人呢？
142.How do you unlearn the learned paralysis so you can relieve him of this excruciating, clenching spasm of the phantom arm?
你要怎样解除习得性麻痹， 好让他解除从那个幻臂产生的 剧痛的痉挛？
143.Well, we said, what if you now send the command to the phantom, but give him visual feedback that it’s obeying his command, right?
我们说了，如果现在你向幻肢发送指令， 但却给他服从指令的视觉反馈，会怎样？
144.Maybe you can relieve the phantom pain, the phantom cramp.
说不定就会减轻幻肢疼痛和痉挛了。
145.How do you do that? Well, virtual reality.
你要怎样做到这一点？可以用虚拟现实(virtual reality)，
146.But that costs millions of dollars.
但那会花上几百万。
147.So I hit on a way of doing this for three dollars, but don’t tell my funding agencies.
我想到了一个成本三美元的办法， 别跟我的赞助机构说。
148.(Laughter) OK? What you do is you create what I call a mirror box.
(众笑) 你要做的是制造出一个我称为“镜盒”(mirror box)的东西。
149.You have a cardboard box with a mirror in the middle, and then you put the phantom — so my first patient, Derek, came in.
你在纸板盒中间放面镜子， 然后叫病人把幻肢放入盒子里。我的第一个病人，德里克
150.He had his arm amputated 10 years ago.
他在10年前截肢。
151.He had a brachial avulsion, so the nerves were cut and the arm was paralyzed, lying in a sling for a year, and then the arm was amputated.
此前他有臂丛神经撕脱伤(brachial avulsion)，神经被切断了， 手臂被麻痹了，挂着绷带一年，接着手臂被切断了。
152.He had a phantom arm, excruciatingly painful, and he couldn’t move it.
他有一个幻肢，难以忍受的疼痛，并且他不能移动它。
153.It was a paralyzed phantom arm.
这是一个“习得行麻痹”的手臂。
154.So he came there, and I gave him a mirror like that, in a box, which I call a mirror box, right?
他来看病的时候，我给了他一个象这样的镜子， 我称之为镜盒，对吧？
155.And the patient puts his phantom left arm, which is clenched and in spasm, on the left side of the mirror, and the normal hand on the right side of the mirror,
病人将其幻肢左臂 (绷紧痉挛的那只)放入镜子的左边， 将正常的手放在镜子的右侧，
156.and makes the same posture, the clenched posture, and looks inside the mirror, and what does he experience?
并做出和左臂同样的姿势，握紧的姿势， 并且看着镜子，他感觉到了什么？
157.He looks at the phantom being resurrected, because he’s looking at the reflection of the normal arm in the mirror, and it looks like this phantom has been resurrected.
他感觉幻肢又复活了。 因为他看到了镜中的手臂， 就好像他的幻肢又重生了。
158.”Now,” I said, “now look, wiggle your phantom — your real fingers, or move your real fingers while looking in the mirror.”
接着我说：“现在摆动一下你幻肢， 你真正的手指，或者在看着镜子的同时移动你真正的手指。“
159.He’s going to get the visual impression that the phantom is moving, right?
这样他会得到幻肢正在移动的视觉印象，对吧？
160.That’s obvious, but the astonishing thing is, the patient then says, “Oh my God, my phantom is moving again, and the pain, the clenching spasm, is relieved.”
这是显而易见的。但令人惊讶的是， 病人说，“天啊，我的幻臂又移动了， 那疼痛，那绷紧的痉挛，减轻了。“
161.And remember, my first patient who came in — (Applause) — thank you. (Applause) My first patient came in, and he looked in the mirror,
记住，这是来我这儿的第一个病人… (鼓掌) 谢谢 (鼓掌) 我的第一个病人来看病时，他看着镜子，
162.and I said, “Look at your reflection of your phantom.”
我说，“看着自己幻肢的在镜子里的映像“